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Global Ocean Circulation (2)

Global Ocean Circulation (2). Wind-driven gyre-scale circulation of the surface ocean and upper thermocline Global heat and freshwater water transport, conservation properties Water mass properties, polar convection and mixing, tracers, global thermohaline circulation.

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Global Ocean Circulation (2)

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  1. Global Ocean Circulation (2) • Wind-driven gyre-scale circulation of the surface ocean and upper thermocline • Global heat and freshwater water transport, conservation properties • Water mass properties, polar convection and mixing, tracers, global thermohaline circulation Focus on conservation principles:Balancing heat, salt, etc. into and out of ‘boxes” (control volumes) MS320 Lecture 2008-10-27

  2. http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707

  3. http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset World Ocean Atlas 1998 Annual

  4. Positive implies ocean warming Warming everywhere – of course

  5. Positive implies ocean warmingNegative implies ocean cooling Why is net upward longwave less in WPWP?

  6. Positive implies ocean cooling Western boundary current have greatest air-sea temperature difference

  7. Positive implies ocean cooling COADS monthly climatology http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=18098

  8. Shaded is net cooling

  9. Shaded is net cooling

  10. Shaded is net cooling

  11. Shaded is net cooling

  12. RT = Radiation total at the top of the atmosphere from Earth Radiation Budget ExperimentOT = ocean transport from net air-sea heat fluxAT = atmospheric transport (calculated from RT – OT)

  13. http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707

  14. Write equations for conservation of (1) salt (2) volume ? E-P-R = 4.6 x 104 m3/s

  15. E-P-R = 4.6 x 104 m3/s

  16. http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/NVODS/servlets/dataset?catitem=5707

  17. Bars show direct estimates from oceanographic cross-sections

  18. units are 1015 Watts (PW)

  19. Heat transport from ocean observations constrained by conservation principles Atlantic has northward heat transport everywhere

  20. Atlantic heat transport is so different because there is a vertical over-turning circulation that shows up clearly in patterns of salinity

  21. Low salinity in north but no large negative E-P. What other freshwater sources are there? South North

  22. Shaded implies net precipitation Earth’s water budget is dominated by E-P over the ocean (80% occurs there) Precipitation minus evaporation (m year-1) Max P-E in East Pacific is not exactly over the equator – why?

  23. Surface Atlantic is saltier than the Pacific

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