Reactive power compensation

1. Reactive power compensation Alternating current (AC) is mostly used for the generation, transmission, distribution and use of electrical energy (AC) However, it has a number of obvious disadvantages. One of them is the requirement that reactive power must be provided in addition to active power either behind or in front. The reactive power has no influence on the energy consumed or transmitted; instead it is the active force that does it. The term apparent power includes reactive power as a natural component . Almost every component of the system, including generation, transmission and distribution, and ultimately consumers, generates or consumes reactive power Resistance and reactance are the two elements that make up the impedance of a circuit leg in an AC system It can be inductive or capacitive, increasing the reactive power of the circuit. Reactive power is a necessary component of electrical power systems Both the initial rotation of spinning machines and the transmission of real power over power lines require reactive power There are various advantages of being able to control or compensate for reactive power Positive and/or negative VARs are added or injected into the power grid during reactive power control to change the voltage . Most loads are inductive and require lagging reactive power. In a distribution network, it is more advantageous to provide this reactive power close to the consumer. Shunt or series reactive power compensation is an option in power systems . Why do you need reactive power compensation? Unlike resistive loads, where current generates heat energy, inductive loads use the magnetic field generated by the current to do the work required. Reactive or non-operating power is generated by magnet current to operate and maintain the magnetism in the device.

2. Reactive power (var) is needed to maintain a high enough voltage to transport real power (watts) down power lines When there is not enough reactive power, the voltage drops and it is no longer able to use the lines to supply the load with the required power Reactive energy generated by an alternating current power source is stored in a capacitor or reactor for a quarter of a cycle before being released back into the power source in the subsequent quarter As a result, the reactive power oscillates at twice the rated frequency between the capacitor or reactor and the alternating current source (50 or 60 Hz) To avoid circulation between the load and the source, it must be balanced Reactive power needs to be rectified as well in order to maintain voltage stability and control the system's power factor Reactive power compensation services and research are used for this. In general, there are three approaches to offering reactive power compensation services: Shunt compensation: Reactors are used to reduce line overvoltages by consuming reactive power, whereas shunt-connected capacitors are used to compensate for reactive power to maintain voltage levels on transmission lines Transmission lines run parallel to shunt compensators, which are always connected in the middle of the line A capacitor, a source of current, or a source of voltage could power it The reactive parts of the system are driven by an ideal shunt compensator Series compensation: By using a series compensator line, the reactive impedance of the transmission is decreased in order to reduce voltage drop over long distances and the Ferranti effect It is connected to the transmission line through a series of points A longitudinal compensator can be connected to the line at any point Two modes are available: capacitive operation and inductive operation It is assumed that the corresponding voltages on the two buses and their phasing are or are the same. Static reactive power compensators : Static reactive power compensators, sometimes referred to as SVCs, are electrical devices used to provide reactive power to transmission networks As the name suggests, static compensators do not allow any movement of individual parts of the system. SVC, an automatic

3. impedance matching tool, is used to increase the power factor of the system. When the reactive load of the power system is capacitive, the SVC uses chokes, typically implemented as thyristor controlled chokes, to assimilate system variables and reduce the system voltage (lead). If the reactive load is inductive (lagging), the capacitor banks will automatically turn on and increase the system voltage What are reactive power compensation services? Since capacitors are the most common and widely used solution for pF correction in reactive power compensation research around the world, the following types of power factor correction are used depending on where the capacitor is located. Distributed Power Factor Correction: With this type of power factor correction, the load terminal that requires reactive power is connected directly to the capacitor bank This installation method is simple and inexpensive. Both the load and the capacitor bank can be protected from overcurrent with the same device Therefore, it can be connected and disconnected at the same time. It is recommended to use this type of PFC for large loads connected to the system for a long period of time Load group power factor correction is a common practice for loads with comparable characteristics. The power factor can be improved by using a common capacitor bank For example, if you are using three identical induction motors for the same purpose, you can use a common capacitor bank to change the power factor. This method is only recommended for light loads, although it is comparatively economical Central reactive power compensation: Not all consumers in every system are permanently active Only a few downloads start within a short time. Using distributed power factor correction is not a reasonable choice under these conditions. So centralized power Factor correction preferred This places the capacitor banks of the source or center of the system there This makes it possible to drastically reduce the overall

4. performance of the built-in capacitors Since it is not recommended to leave the capacitor banks permanently connected to the system, they must have an active switch As the name suggests, combined power factor correction is a method that combines distributed and centralized power factor correction A massive load that runs continuously is corrected with the distributed power factor The centralized power factor correction method is also used to improve the power factor of tiny devices. Automatic Power Factor Correction: Due to the apparent duty cycle of equipment, most systems do not constantly draw reactive power With these settings, the power factor is adjusted automatically. This allows the different capacitor banks to be switched on and off as needed These automatic power factor control panels, often referred to as APFC panels, are commonly used Conclusion: In general, from the above discussion, it is clear that power factor correction is necessary to improve the efficiency of an AC system. Power Factor Correction allows us to adjust the power factor and reduce energy consumption. SASPPL has been providing unbiased research and power factor correction services for over 20 years In fact, he worked with the Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company (MSEDCL) to help them understand the impact of an over-correction in their system following the implementation of kWh billing in Maharashtra. The MREC Tariff Petition Order 2018 also mentions that SASPPL played an important role in presenting the results to the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC)