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Exploring International Business Through History and Globalization

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  1. Welcome to class ofInternational BusinessDr. Satyendra SinghProfessor, Marketing and International BusinessUniversity of WinnipegCanadas.singh@uwinnipeg.cahttp://abem.uwinnipeg.cawww.abem.ca/conference

  2. Objectives: • History of International Business • The Debate • Definitions • Globalization • The International Business Model • Characteristics of International Business

  3. History of International Business • Early Traders • Well before the time of Christ and Greek merchants • China stimulated the emergence of an internationally integrated trading system • “all roads lead to China” • 17th Century Mercantilism/Colonialism • British East India Company • Dutch East India Company • France, Portugal, Spain • …

  4. Globalization Debate • World Trade Organization • Extensive public protests about globalization and the liberalization of international trade • Debate • For: • poverty , living standards • Against: • Income inequality  • Labor standard  • Environmental health conditions 

  5. Opposition to Globalization…! • Albania • Algeria • Burundi • Congo • Madagascar • Myanmar • Syria • Ukraine!

  6. Opposition to Globalization!

  7. Definitions • International/foreign/multidomestic Firm • An organization with multicountry affiliates • Each formulates its own business strategy on perceived market differences • Global Firm • an organization that attempts to standardize and integrate operations worldwide in most of all functional areas • Ratio of foreign to total employment • Ratio of foreign to total assets • 20 countries

  8. Globalization • Globalization • Coined by Theodore Levitt • “as if the entire world (or major regions of it) were a single entity; [such an organization] sells the same things in the same way everywhere” • Economic Globalization • International integration of goods, technology, information, labor, and capital • Process of making this integration happen

  9. International Business Model

  10. Characteristics of International Business… • Domestic Environment • All the uncontrollable forces in the home country that surround and influence the firm’s life and development • Shortage of foreign currency • FDI in home country • Foreign Environment • All the uncontrollable forces originating outside the home country that surround and influence the firm • different values (Conflict: bypass country A to serve B) • difficult to assess (Clause: quality of welfare/life) • Interrelated (Technology vs. mass labor)

  11. Characteristics of International Busines • International Environment • Interaction between domestic and foreign environmental forces • Intl. Organizations (WTO, NAFTA…) affect businesses • Decisions are linked to other subsidiaries (strike) • Decision making more complex • Prefer time off vs. more money • Cultural differences • Self-reference criterion: decisions based on your own cultural values

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