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Timeline

Timeline. Ellie Rawlings. History of music videos. In 1894 there was the first example of an illustrated song, this was basically sets of still images being put on the screen whilst the song is playing in the background.

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Timeline

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  1. Timeline • Ellie Rawlings

  2. History of music videos • In 1894 there was the first example of an illustrated song, this was basically sets of still images being put on the screen whilst the song is playing in the background. • 1926 saw the arrival of ‘talkies’, this was many musical short films produced featuring bands, vocalists and dancers. • 1930-1959 was the creation of Musical films,The musical film was a film genre in which several songs were interwoven into the film. • The 1930’s also saw the creation of ‘Screen Songs’ which was a series of cartoon films which encouraged audiences to sing along by following the bouncing ball. • 1930-1940 also saw the creation of the ‘Ancestor of the Music Video’ in which many artists featured in dramatized performances of hit songs.

  3. 1956-1960 saw the rise of television, the rise of popular music was tied with this as the format exposed new stars. • 1964 brought with it the Beatles, the Beatles set the stage for the modern music video with the promotion picture “A Hard Days Night”. • Again in 1965 the Beatles create 10 films which are used to promote album releases, this kicks off video promotion. • In 1981 MTV was launched, this 24 hour broadcast meant that music videos began to play a central role in music marketing by the mid 80’s. • In 1983 Michael Jackson’s icon ‘Thriller’ video was released, this was Michael’s most successful and influential video of all time released. • 1985 saw the launch of VH1, this featured softer music and catered to an older demographic, widening the audience of videos. • In 1988 there was the ‘Hip Hop Growth’, this is where hip hop saw a significant growth in popularity as MTV launches ‘Yo! MTV Raps’.

  4. 1992 saw the rise of Directors, this is where directors were listed in the credits for the first time, Directors such as Gondry and Romanek launch careers. • In 1995 there was The Jackson’s creation of the video ‘Scream’, costing 7 million to produce, it is the most expensive music video ever. • 2005 sees the creation of YouTube, this allowed people to watch videos online, therefore new artists can see popularity rise through the internet and promote through this platform. • Also, in 2005 there was the opening of iTunes, this allowed music videos to be downloaded from the internet. It had one million downloads after 20 days. • In 2010 YouTube saw new heights as the number of music videos being viewed online reaches 34 billion with 184 million viewers. • Also in 2010 Lady Gaga’s music video views reach one billion. Her song ‘Poker Face’ sees 375 million alone.

  5. History of rock music • In 1951 the first Rock and Roll record, Ike Turner’s Rocket 88, is released. • In 1952 Bill Hayley forms the Comets, the first Rock and Roll band. The Cleveland disc jockey Alan Freed (aka Moondog) organises the first Rock and Roll concert, the ‘Moondog Coronation Ball’. Gibson also introduce its solid-body electric guitar, invented by Les Paul a few years earlier. And the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is founded to represent the recording industry of the USA. • In 1953 Bill Hayley’s ‘Crazy Man Crazy’ is the first Rock and Roll song to enter the Billboard charts. Sam Phillips records the first Elvis Presley record in his Sun studio of Memphis using two recorders to produce and effect of “slapback” audio delay. • 1954 saw Bill Hayley’s version of “Rock around the clock” is the first rock song used in a film as a soundtrack. Also, record companies switch from 78 RPM’s to 45 RPM’s. • In 1955 we see ‘Rebel without a Cause’ and ‘Blackboard Jungle’ establish a new role model for teenagers, the rebellious loner and sometimes juvenile delinquent. Also, Lonnie Donegan’s ‘Rock Island Line’ launches a new genre in Britain, “Skiffle”. Chuck Berry cuts his first Rock and Roll record, the first one to have a guitar as the main instrument, and invents the descending pentatonic double-stops (the essence of rock guitar).

  6. 1956 sees the uprise in Presley fans with the release of his hit ‘Heartbreak Hotel’. The rock’n’roll music of white artists is called (rock + hillbilly) Rockabilly. Screamin Jay Hawkins’ ‘I put a spell on you’ and his antics pioneer gothic rock with Wanda Jackson being the ‘Queen of Rockabilly’. The popularity of Rock and Roll music causes the industry to boom and allows independent labels to flourish. • In 1957 Link Wray’s ‘Rumble’ invents the “fuzz-tone” guitar sound. • 1958 sees the golden age of instrumental rock. Lowman Pauling uses guitar distortion and feedback on the Five Royals’ “The Slummer the Slum’. The RIAA established a ‘gold’ award for singles and albums which reach one million dollars. Raymond Scott invents the first sequencer, the ‘Wall of Sound’. Since 1955 the US market has increased from 213 million dollars to 603 million, the market share of rock and roll has increased from 17.5% to 42.7%. • In 1962 American Producer Phil Spector creates a style of production called the ‘Wall of Sound’. Seattle guitarist Jimi Hendrix begins working as a session man. • In 1963 The Kingsmen stage the first ‘Louie Louie” marathon (playing the song over and over again for an hour) and garage-rock is born. Pierre Henry’s ‘Rock Electronique’ employs electronic riff and rhythm. • In 1964 the riff of ‘You Really Got Me’ by the Kinks practically invented hard-rock. Eric Clapton of the Yardbirds uses the guitar to produce feedback and fuzz.

  7. In 1965, the Byrds’ version of ‘Mr Tambourine Man’ invents folk-rock. John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, featuring Eric Clapton, import Chicago’s rhythm and blues to Britain and become the epitome of Blues-rock. The Rolling Stones’ ‘Satisfaction’ is banned by radio stations across the UK and USA. The Who’s ‘My Generation’ creates a new kind of rebellious rock anthem. The Kinks ‘See My Friends’ introduced Indian music into Rock and Roll. The Byrds’ ‘ Eight Miles High’ invents Raga-rock. • In 1966 The Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead move to the Haight-Ashbury of San Francisco, the epicenter of ‘Acid-rock’ and the ‘Summer of Love’. Bob Dylan’s ‘Blonde on Blonde’, the first double record and the first concept album of rock music. The Velvet Underground cut their first record in two days in the spring. Frank Zappa’s ‘Freak Out’, the first double album of rock and roll. • 1967 sees The Doors fuse rock and roll, blues, psychedelia, Indian Raga, free-form poetry and drama. The Incredible String Band’s ‘5,000 Spirits’ introduces medieval and middle-eastern music into rock and roll. Jimi Hendrix debuts and turns the electric guitar into the equivalent of the symphonic orchestra. • In 1968 Gram Parsons invents ‘Country-rock’ with the International Submarine Band. The Steppenwolf’s ‘Born to be wild’ contains the expression ‘Heavy Metal’ that comes to identify a new genre. The musical ‘Hair’ debuts on Broadway, the first musical that uses Rock music. The Who release ‘Tommy’ the most famous Rock Opera. 50,000 people attend a rock festival at the Isle Of White.

  8. In 1970 Black Sabbath debuted playing heavy, dark rock music. T.Rex’s ‘Ride A White Swan’ opens the age of ‘Glam-rock’. Jimi Hendrix dies at the age of 28. • 1972, David Bowie’s ‘Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust’ is the culmination of Glam-rock. The Vertigo label is founded to promote progressive-rock. • 1974, Thw Ramones debut at the CBGB’s and launch punk-rock. The Residents reinvent rock music with the song ‘Meet the Residents’ • 1976, The Sex Pistols’ ‘Anarchy In The UK’ is the first British punk-rock single. • 1982, the magazine ‘Maximum Rock and Roll’ is founded and becomes the reference point for punk-rock. The Magazine ‘Puncture’ is founded and becomes the reference point for alternative-rock. • 1983, The Frightwig’s ‘Cat Faboo Farm’ is the first hardcore album for a female punk band. • 1984, The Red Hot Chili Peppers invent Funk-rock. Van Halen’s ‘Jump’ is the first Heavy-metal somg to top the Billboard charts. • 1988, Soundgarden’s ‘Ultramega OK’ is the first hit album of Seattle’s grunge sound. • 1991, Boom of Grunge, Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Ramones.

  9. 1994, Pearl Jam’s ‘Vs’ sells one million copies the first week. Kurt Cobain commits suicide. • In 1995 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum opens in Cleveland. • 2003, Piero Scaruffi’s ‘A History of Rock Music’ is published. • In 2007 The annual ‘CMJ Music Marathon’ presents 1,000 indie rock bands.

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