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Amazing World of Carbon Compounds

Amazing World of Carbon Compounds. Introduction. At the beginning of 19 th century organic compounds were defined as Compounds directly or indirectly obtained from plants and animals are called as organic compounds Compounds obtained from minerals are called as inorganic compounds

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Amazing World of Carbon Compounds

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  1. Amazing World of Carbon Compounds

  2. Introduction • At the beginning of 19th century organic compounds were defined as • Compounds directly or indirectly obtained from plants and animals are called as organic compounds • Compounds obtained from minerals are called as inorganic compounds • A change in defination took place by synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic compound • WOHLER converted • Ammonium cyanate to Urea • (inorganic compd) (org compd) • New defination

  3. Compounds containing covalently bonded carbon atom or atoms are called as organic compounds • Carbon is covalently bonded with hydrogen oxygen, halogens, and sometimes with nitrogen and sulphur. • Carbon atomic no 6 shows EC :s 2,4 • Valency = 4 • Similarly • Nitrogen’s valency = 3 • Oxygen’s valency = 2 • Hydrogen valency = 1

  4. Properties of Organic Compounds • They have low melting and boiling points • They are generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents • They are poor conductors of heat and electricity

  5. Formation Of Methane • Methane(CH4) • In this compound one carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 hydrogen atoms • C(2,4) H(1) • Electron-dot cross • structure • Structural formula • Molecular formula

  6. Formation of Oxygen Molecule • Oxygen molecule(O2) contains 2 covalently bonded oxygen molecule. • O(2,6) • Electron-dot cross • structure • Structural formula • Molecular formula

  7. Formation of Nitrogen Molecule • Nitrogen molecule(N2) contains 2 covalently bonded nitrogen atoms • N(2,5) • Electron-dot cross • Structure • Structural formula • Molecular formula

  8. Carbon Forms Infinite no of Compounds • Tetra valency C(2,4) shows valency=4 • Multiple bonding It can form carbon to carbon Single bond C - C Double bond C = C Triple bond C ≡ C

  9. Catenation • The property of direct bonding between atoms of same element to form a chain is known as catenation. • The remarkable property of carbon atom to form bonds with itself and give rise to a single large struture or chain is called catenation. • The chain can be straight chain, branched chain or may have network like structure • Straight chain branched chain network like struture • Eg

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