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Alexander the Great: Victories at Granicus, Miletus, Halicarnassus

Journey through Alexander's triumphs at Granicus, Miletus, Halicarnassus, showcasing his tactics, strategy, and fearless leadership. Witness the battles unfold with a detailed timeline, maps, and key events.

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Alexander the Great: Victories at Granicus, Miletus, Halicarnassus

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  1. Alexander The Great, Adventures at Granicus, Miletus and Halicarnassus By Alex Schuddeboom and Caitlyn Downing

  2. Timeline

  3. Map

  4. Events Leading up to Granicus • Alexander begins assembling forces to go into Asia Minor and fight the Persian empire. • Alexander deals with an insurrection at Thebes. • Alexander hears that Persian satraps were waiting to fight him on the other side of the Granicus river • Memnon advised the satraps to undertake a scorched earth policy but was ignored

  5. Before the battle • Persian satraps set up on the other side of the river. • Parmenio advises Alexander till wait till dawn • Alexander replies “but I should be ashamed of myself if a trickle of water like this were too much for us to cross” – Arrian • Alexander then attacks during the night

  6. Granicus (Deployment) • Key: Blue = Alex’s forces Red=Persian Yellow=Companions Arrow=Cavalry Box=Infantry

  7. Stages of Battle • Reinforced Thessalians feign a charge. • Gets Infantry to bang weapons against shields to scare Persian forces

  8. Stages of Battle Satraps move cavalry to counter and Companions charge weak middle

  9. Stages of Battle • Companions engage middle, Thessalians fall back

  10. Stages of Battle • Alexander and companions defeat middle and rejoin Thessalians to kill satrap cavalry

  11. Stages of Battle • Companions and Thessalians engage Satrap cavalry

  12. Stages of Battle • Persian forces flee

  13. After the battle • Spoils sent to Greek states • Greek mercenaries captured were executed – “Ordering a combined assault by infantry and cavalry, Alexander quickly had them surrounded and butchered to a man, though one or two may have escaped notice among the heaps of dead. About 2,000 were taken prisoner.” - Arrian

  14. Miletus • The commander at Miletus had contacted Alex announcing surrender • When he heard the Persian fleet was nearby he decided to fight Alex. • Athenian fleet arrived first and blocked harbour entrance • The city soon fell • Alex negotiated with mercenaries to join him

  15. Disbanding of the fleet • After Miletus Alex ordered the Athenian fleet to disband • “Alexander decided to disband the fleet, since he was short of money; he saw too that his fleet was no match for the Persians and he had no wish to risk defeat even with a portion of his force. Moreover, he considered that as he now controlled Asia minor with his army he no longer-needed a fleet; by taking the costal cities he would destroy the Persian fleet, for they would have nowhere to get fresh crews from and no port to dock at.” – Arrian

  16. Halicarnassus • A merchant city that with the help of Memnon had surrounded itself with a 45 ft wide moat • Alexander began filling in the moat • When Alex finally got inside the walls Memnon fled to a nearby island • The leader of Halicarnassus Orontopotes fled to a nearby fort and was besieged for 12 months by forces Alex left behind

  17. Summary of Alexander • Tactics and Strategy – Ingenuity, Originality and Initiative (seen in all fights) • Led from the front (Granicus) • Determination (Halicarnassus ) • Outmanoeuvring Enemy ( Granicus )

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