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Nitrogen Applications with a Remote Sensing Ground Rig – The GreenSeeker

This paper explores the integration of nitrogen management in Oklahoma agriculture using the GreenSeeker remote sensing ground rig. Conventional nitrogen strategies, though profitable, often yield poor nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) due to excess mineral nitrogen and uniform field applications. By addressing temporal and spatial variability in nitrogen response, the study suggests in-season nitrogen estimation methods and variable rate applications to optimize yields and minimize waste. Ultimately, it emphasizes the need for precise management practices to enhance economic returns per acre.

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Nitrogen Applications with a Remote Sensing Ground Rig – The GreenSeeker

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  1. Nitrogen Applications with a Remote Sensing Ground Rig – The GreenSeeker G. V. Johnson, W. R. Raun, J.B. Solie, and M.L. Stone Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK

  2. Conventional N Management for Oklahoma

  3. Conventional Strategy is Easy and Profitable. Crop N requirement = 2 lb N/bu yield Average profit from N = $36/acre/yr

  4. Poor NUE

  5. Poor NUE • Result of mineral N present at concentrations in excess of plant needs. • Soil-Plant system leaks in proportion to excess mineral N. • Excess N = f (yield potential, supply of non-fertilizer N. • Typically: • All fertilizer-N applied before crop needs any. • Entire field receives same rate.

  6. Address Temporal and Spatial Variability

  7. Temporal variability • Uncertain yield potential

  8. Temporal variability • Uncertain use (availability) of non-fertilizer N

  9. Temporal variability (N Response; RI) • Range = 1.0 to 4.1 • Mean = 1.9 • CV = 38

  10. Temporal variability

  11. 90 N Preplant 45 N Preplant Solutions • Estimate N response in-season. RINDVI = 1.46

  12. In-SeasonEstimatedYield (INSEY) NDVI at F5 = days from planting to F5, GDD>0 +Good predictor of final grain yield+Requires only one sensor reading+Work over different regions/biotypes Units: N uptake, kg ha-1 day-1 where GDD>0

  13. Can establish reliable equation to predict yield in 2 years

  14. Kenneth Failes, Cherokee, OK (March 20, 2002) RI = 0.60/0.57 = 1.1 Predicted yieldwith N fertilization(YPN) RI N-Rich Strip days from planting to sensing Predicted yieldwith no added Nfertilization (YP0) Planting date Farmer Check NDVI (sensing date) INSEY = (NDVI/days from planting to sensing where GDD>0)YPN = YP0 * RIFertilizer N = (Grain N uptake at YPN – Grain N uptake at YP0)/0.7

  15. Response to topdress N

  16. Response to topdress N

  17. Response to topdress N

  18. Economic estimates Average Gain = $17.13/acre/yr

  19. Spatial variability

  20. Solutions • Measure and treat spatial variability

  21. Solutions • Measure and treat spatial variability, in-season

  22. Solutions • Measure and treat spatial variability, in-season

  23. Solutions • Measure and treat spatial variability, in-season • Apply most N topdress

  24. Output: Potential yield without N, potential yield with N, N fertilizer needed (1) NDVI collected from NRich Strip & Farmer Practice Enter: Max Yield for areaPlanting date, sensing date, NDVI values from (1) Procedure

  25. http://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.phphttp://www.dasnr.okstate.edu/nitrogen_usehttp://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.phphttp://www.dasnr.okstate.edu/nitrogen_use

  26. Solutions Must have “Qualified Engineer” to fix what “Agronomy Personnel” tear up

  27. Topdress N Return ($/Ac) Obs. Treatment Preplant N Early Late Total N Yld (bu/a) 81 VRT 41 15 23 79 39.8 100 17 Farmer Check 52 21 20 92 34.6 82 2002 Field trials • 10 trials using 60-ft boom sensor-applicator. • Web site. • http://www.dasnr.okstate.edu/nitrogen_use/

  28. What is Happening Now? • Field Scale Recommendations (Hand-held) • Ciudad Obregon, Mexio 10-2002, 108-2003 • Saraguro, Ecuador, 5-2002, 15-2003 • Oklahoma, 25-2002, >100 2003 Variable N Rate Applications Oklahoma 10-2001, 15-2002, >50-2003 Minnesota, 5-2002, >15 2003 Nebraska, 1-2001, 1-2002 (corn)

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