1. Grammar Notes:Hyphens

2. Hyphens with Prefixes • A hyphen is NOT ordinarily used to join a prefix to a word. There are a few exceptions, however. • Use a hyphen after any prefix joined to a proper noun or a proper adjective. • Examples: • mid-Atlantic post-Elizabethan

3. Also, use a hyphen after the prefixes all-, ex- (meaning ‘former’), and self-joined to any noun or adjective. • Examples: • ex-coach • self-confidence

4. Use a hyphen after the prefix anti- when it joins a word beginning with i. Also use a hyphen after the prefix vice-, EXCEPT in vice president. • Examples: • anti-icing • vice-mayor I HATE icing!!!

5. Use a hyphen to avoid confusion between words beginning with re- that look alike but are different in meaning and pronunciation. • Examples: • re-cover the couch vs. recover the couch That new covering on the couch looks lovely! So THAT’S where our couch was!

6. Hyphens with compounds and numbers • Use a hyphen in a compound adjective that precedes a noun. In general, a compound adjective that follows a noun is not hyphenated. • Examples: • dark-green eyes vs. Her eyes are dark green. • fifteen-year-old aunt vs. Her aunt is fifteen years old.

7. Hyphenate any spelled-out number up to ninety-nine. • Examples: sixty-four eighty-two

8. Hyphenate a fraction that is expressed in words. Examples: • one-eighth • one-quarter • one-half

9. Hyphenate two numerals to indicate a span. Examples: pages 30-56 1986-1996 HYPHENS!!!

10. PRACTICE • Twenty four • Twenty-four • Her coat is light-blue. • Her coat is light blue. • I read pages 4-73. • Correct!

11. I am anti instant pudding. • I am anti-instant pudding. • He wants to be vice-president. • He wants to be vice president. • I like the post-Victorian time period. • Correct!