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Magna Carta

Magna Carta. “Great Charter”. Magna Carta. John became king in 1199 when his brother, Richard the Lionheart, died without any children. John had a bad temper and could be very cruel. He was not liked by the English Barons. A British nobleman of the lowest rank. Magna Carta.

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Magna Carta

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  1. Magna Carta “Great Charter”

  2. Magna Carta • John became king in 1199 when his brother, Richard the Lionheart, died without any children. • John had a bad temper and could be very cruel. He was not liked by the English Barons. • A British nobleman of the lowest rank.

  3. Magna Carta • John also had to deal with a lot of issues while he was king. He was constantly at war with France (wars cost money). • To fight this war he placed heavy taxes on the Barons of England. • He also angered the Pope and was excommunicated (kicked out) from the church.

  4. Magna Carta • By 1215, the barons of northern England had had enough of John's high taxes. They decided to rebel. • Led by Baron Robert Fitzwalter, they marched on London calling themselves the "army of God". • After taking London, John agreed to negotiate with them.

  5. Magna Carta • By signing the 63 clause document, King John agreed to do his duty as King of England, upholding the law and running a fair government. • In return, the barons agreed to stand down and surrender London. • The basic idea is that the king is NOT above the law & rights come from God, not the king.

  6. Magna Carta • Although King John did not follow the agreement, the ideas put forth in the Magna Carta became lasting principles of liberty to the English. Three of the clauses are still in force as English law including the freedom of the English Church, the "ancient liberties" of the City of London, and the right to due process. Many of these rights are written into the US Bill of Rights. • One of the biggest rights for the average person was habeas corpus (show me the body). In other words, if you get arrested, you have to see a judge & have a fair trail.

  7. Magna Carta • King John is often portrayed as the villain in the story of Robin Hood. • Archbishop Stephen Langton helped to negotiate the agreement between the two sides. He is also credited with dividing the Bible up into the modern system of chapters used today.

  8. Jews in England Magna Carta #10: If you die & owe a Jew money, the heir does not have to pay interest. Remember, the Catholic Church forbid usury (charging interests) on loans, but the Jews could.

  9. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #17/18: trials have to take place in a fixed location in the jurisdiction where the alleged crime occurred. #34: a writ of praecipe is required (a written declaration to show up to court & why). #38: a bailiff must have evidence & witnesses to imprison. #39: no person shall be imprisoned, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. Bill of Rights: Amendment 6 • In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

  10. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights #45: all appointed justices, sheriffs, or bailiffs must know & apply the law. #60: all laws apply to everyone, i.e. king, nobility, church, & peasants. President’s oath of office: • “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, so help me God.”

  11. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #41: all merchants shall have safe & secure travel within & exit from England, except in times of war. Constitution: Article 1, Section 8: • To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;

  12. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #9: creditors can’t take land or rent from debtors as long as they can still pay. #30/31: No one can take the horses or carts or wood that is not theirs to work on a castle. Bill of Rights: Amendment 5 • No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

  13. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #63: the Church of England shall be free. Bill of Rights: Amendment I • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

  14. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #61: 25 barons will be selected to ensure that all these rights are enforced. US Constitution. Article 1: • Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. • Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

  15. Magna Carta “Great Charter”

  16. Magna Carta • became king in 1199 when his brother, Richard the Lionheart, died without any . • John had a bad and could be very . He was not liked by the English . • A British nobleman of the lowest rank.

  17. Magna Carta • John also had to deal with a lot of issues while he was king. He was constantly at with (wars cost ). • To fight this war he placed heavy on the of England. • He also angered the and was (kicked out) from the .

  18. Magna Carta • By , the barons of northern England had had enough of John's high . They decided to . • Led by Baron Robert Fitzwalter, they on calling themselves the "of God". • After taking London, agreed to with them.

  19. Magna Carta • By signing the clause document, King John to do his duty as King of England, theand running a government. • In return, the barons agreed to down and London. • The basic idea is that the king is above the & come from , not the king.

  20. Magna Carta • Although King John did not follow the agreement, the ideas put forth in the Magna Carta became lasting principles of to the . Three of the clauses are still in force as English law including the of the English , the "ancient liberties" of the City of , and the right to due . Many of these ideas are in thebill of rights. • One of the biggest rights for the person was habeas (show me the ). In other words, if you get , you have to see a & have a fair .

  21. Magna Carta • King John is often portrayed as the in the story of . • Archbishop Stephen Langton helped to the agreement between the two sides. He is also credited with the up into the modern system of used today.

  22. Jews in England Magna Carta #10: If you die & owe a money, the heir does not have to pay . Remember, the Church forbid (charging ) on loans, but the Jews could.

  23. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #17/18: trials have to take place in a location in the where the alleged crime . #34: a writ of praecipe is required (a written declaration to up to court & ). #38: a bailiff must have & witnesses to . #39: no person shall be imprisoned, except by the lawful of his peers or by the of the . Bill of Rights: Amendment 6 • In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

  24. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights #45: all appointed justices, sheriffs, or bailiffs must & apply the . #60: all to , i.e. king, nobility, church, & peasants. President’s oath of office: • “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States, so help me God.”

  25. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #41: all shall have safe & secure within & exit from , except in times of . Constitution: Article 1, Section 8: • To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;

  26. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #9: can’t take land or rent from as long as they can still . #30/31: No one can take the horses or carts or wood that is not to work on a . Bill of Rights: Amendment 5 • No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

  27. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #63: the of shall be . Bill of Rights: Amendment I • Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

  28. Magna Carta & the Bill of Rights Magna Carta #61: 25 will be selected to ensure that all these are . US Constitution. Article 1: • Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. • Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

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