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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Learning. Learning. Relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. Learning. Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning. Classical conditioning. Learning an association between 2 variables x occurs with y Reflex response

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter6 Learning

  2. Learning Relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience

  3. Learning • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Observational learning

  4. Classical conditioning • Learning an association between 2 variables • x occurs with y • Reflex response • Ivan Pavlov

  5. Conditioning Terms • Conditioned = WORK • Unconditioned = NO WORK • Stimulus = object • Response = behavior

  6. Conditioning Terms • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) • Unconditioned Response (UCR) • Conditioned Response (CR)

  7. Classical Conditioning Food Salivate (US) (UR) Tone Food Salivate (CS) (US) (UR) Tone Salivate (CS) (CR)

  8. Classical Conditioning Food Salivate (US) (UR) Tone Salivate (CS) (CR)

  9. Classical Conditioning: More Terminology • Trial = pairing of UCS and CS • Acquisition = initial stage in learning • Extinction = lose it

  10. Processes in Classical Conditioning • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Stimulus Generalization • Discrimination • Higher-order conditioning

  11. Fig 6.10 – The conditioning of Little Albert.

  12. Stimulus generalization From specific to MORE GENERAL afraid of just a white rat to afraid of anything white and furry

  13. Stimulus discrimination • From general to specific • You can discriminate • Scared of rat, not scared of Santa

  14. Conditioning • Classical = reflex • Operant = voluntary Operant conditioning = instrumental learning

  15. Edward Thorndike Law of effect • If the consequence is positive, behavior will increase • If the consequens is negative, behavior will decrease

  16. B.F. Skinner • Behaviorist • Nurture over nature • Operant chamber • Cumulative recorder

  17. Fig 6.15 – Skinner box and cumulative recorder.

  18. Shaping The reinforcement of behaviors that get closer and closer to the desired outcome Web link 6.3 training at marine parks Launch Video

  19. Reinforcement • Primary Reinforcers • Satisfy biological needs • Secondary Reinforcers • Conditioned reinforcement

  20. Schedules of Reinforcement • Set = stays the same • Variable = changes • Ratio = # of things • Interval = time • Warning “# of times” = ratio!!!

  21. Schedules of Reinforcement

  22. Schedules of Reinforcement

  23. Schedules of Reinforcement

  24. Reinforcement • Increases behavior • Positive reinforcement = add something • Negative reinforcement = take something away

  25. Punishment • Decreases behavior • Punishment = add something • Omission = take something away • Reinforcement is more effective

  26. Observational Learning • Albert Bandura • Observational learning • Vicarious conditioning • 4 key processes • acquisition vs. performance

  27. Three types of learning • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Observational learning Pages 250 and 251

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