1. Chapter 6 Data Terminals and Personal Computers

2. Agenda • Terminals • Cluster control units • Workstation ergonomics • Terminal selection criteria • Total cost of ownership of personal computer

3. Terminal Classification • Definition • Input/output devices • Data terminal equipment (DTE) • Data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) • Classification • Teletypewriters • Video display terminals (VDTs) • Personal computers • Industry-oriented transaction terminals • Intelligent terminals • Specialized terminals

4. Teletypewriter Terminals • Types • Unbuffered • Buffered • Characteristics • Slow speed • Mechanical dot matrix printing • Hard copy

5. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - I • Types • Cathode ray tube terminal (CRT) • Flat panel displays • Characteristics • Electronic • Reliable • Buffered • High speed • Unintelligent - intelligent

6. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - II • Screen • All-point-addressable (APA) • Pixels or pels • Line-by-line mode • Page or formatted mode • Intensifying, blink, or reverse video • Keyboard • Alternative input mechanisms • Touch-sensitive • Joystick • Trackball • Mouse

7. Video Display Terminals (VDT) - III • Selection criteria • Nonglare surface • Titled or swiveled mechanism • Color or monochrome • Image flickfree • Size • Resolution • Programmable • Graphics capability

8. Personal Computers • Types • Microcomputer (portable, laptop, or notebook) • Workstation • Internet computers • Characteristics • Upload and download (FTP) • Terminal emulation program & hardware (DEC VT-, IBM 3270) • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Multitasking • Virus

9. Others • Industry-oriented transaction terminals • ATM & point of sale • Remote job entry • Facsimile machines • Group I, II, III, III enhanced, super III, IV • Security problems (audio cassette recorder) • Specialized terminals • Telephone • Optical recognition (bar code reader, optical character recognition (OCR)) • Other terminals for counting, weighing, measuring, and reporting results to the computer

10. Terminals Intelligence • Intelligent terminals: program & storage capability • Smart terminals: storage capability • Dumb terminals: no or limited storage capability

11. Cluster Control Units • Characteristics • Program capability • Buffers • Functions • Control terminals • Code conversion • Error checking • Share printer • Access multiple computers • Multiple sessions using hot key

12. Workstation Ergonomics • Nonglare screen • Tilted back 10 to 20 degrees • Top of screen is eye level • 18 inches from eyes • Adjustable chair • Movable keyboard • Proper lighting

13. Terminal Selection Criteria • Special or general • Hardcopy or video display • Types of operators • Compatibility with the existing equipment • Degree of intelligent • Cost • Vendor support and service

14. Total Cost of Ownership • Cost • $6,400 to over $13,000 lifetime • Hardware & software cost – 20% • User operational cost (learning & training) – 46% • Technical support cost – 21% • Administrative cost – 13% • Control • Centralized management • Standardizing hardware and software

15. Points to Remember • Terminals • Cluster control units • Workstation ergonomics • Terminal selection criteria • Total cost of ownership of personal computer

16. Discussion • Design terminal requirement for a big manufacturing company • Design terminal requirement for a big insurance company