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Integument System

Integument System. Integument includes: skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Skin Functions are important: 1. Provides a protective covering. Keeps out pathogens than can cause disease Keeps out harmful rays from the sun Is waterproof yet still elastic

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Integument System

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  1. Integument System

  2. Integument includes: skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. • Skin • Functions are important: • 1. Provides a protective covering. • Keeps out pathogens than can cause disease • Keeps out harmful rays from the sun • Is waterproof yet still elastic • Keeps balance of body fluids and electrolytes

  3. 2. Regulates body temperature • Blood vessels dilate and allow heat to radiate from body • Evaporation of perspiration cools body • Major sense organ • Nerve ending in skin are responsive to touch, pain, temperature and pressure

  4. Structure of skin • Two main layers: • 1. Epidermis is thin outer layer • Has dead cells on top that rub off • Has waterproof lipid substance • Contains pigment melanin that gives skin its color and blocks UV rays

  5. 2. Dermis • Has much tough but flexible connective tissue. • Contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nerve endings, and small blood vessels. • The hypodermis is a fatty layer that connects dermis to bone or muscle below.

  6. Skin disorders • 1. Acne is clogging of pores in the skin. • Increase in hormone activity at puberty causes sebaceous glands to enlarge. • Oily sebum clogs a pore, where bacteria can grow and cause inflammation. • To treat acne: use prescribed or over the counter medications. • Use over the counter medications such as benzoyl peroxide. • See doctor for antibiotics and other treatments.

  7. 2. Moles are round brown areas of pigmented skin. • Changes in a mole may indicate skin cancer: uncontrolled growth. • A. asymmetry – not the same on both sides • B. border “hazy” or spreading • C. color – black, blue or red. • D. Diameter – larger than 5 mm about the size of a pencil erasure. • E. Elevation – thick lumpy.

  8. 3. Other common conditions include: • Fungal infections such as ring worm, athletes foot, and jock itch

  9. Bacterial and viral infections that can cause impetigo, herpes, MRSA.

  10. Unusual growths that appear as boils, warts, corns.

  11. Chronic long term disorders like vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema.

  12. Damage from friction that results in blisters and calluses.

  13. Care of Skin • 1. Keep face clean • Wash face 2 or 3 times each day with “soap” and water. • Pat dry with a clean towel • Avoid cosmetics that are oily and don’t share them. • Include such as carrots and dark vegetables that are high in vitamin A. • Keep hands away from face

  14. 2. Bathe or shower and use deodorant to prevent body odor. • 3. Avoid UV rays from the sun and tanning beds. • UV rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. • UV rays are more intense at mid-day, so sum exposure between the hours of 12 and 2 should be avoided. • Rays can penetrate clouds and be reflected by snow and water.

  15. UV rays are harmful and a cumulative risk. • There are three kinds of UV rays determined by wavelength: • Uva: Length is longer, cause of ageing, and can damage the immune system. • Uvb: Length is shorter, cause cataracts, tanning and burning, and cancer. • Uvc: Shortest wave length, so highest energy (can be lethal), but blocked by ozone in upper atmosphere.

  16. To limit UV exposure, know your skin type and exposure time, cover skin, avoid tanning beds, and use sunscreen. • Sunscreen’s measure of protection is indicated by SPF

  17. 4. Piercing and tattoos • Ancient form of “body art” common in many cultures. • Associated with many serious health problems including HIV and Hepatitis. • Usually permanent, so carefully consider effects on physical and social health.

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