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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Computer Hardware Ruth Watson. Objectives (1 of 2). Explain the difference between RAM and ROM Explain the difference between RAM and storage Explain what a motherboard is Explain what a processor does Explain the what RAID is Explain what a UPS is

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Computer Hardware Ruth Watson Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  2. Objectives (1 of 2) • Explain the difference between RAM and ROM • Explain the difference between RAM and storage • Explain what a motherboard is • Explain what a processor does • Explain the what RAID is • Explain what a UPS is • Demonstrate how to write-protect a disk • Explain the difference between a partition and a disk Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  3. Objectives (2 of 2) • Explain the role of the boot.ini file • Explain why binary math is important to computers • Explain the difference between a modem and a network interface card • Explain the difference between a parallel and serial connection • Identify at least 4 different ports, by sight, on a computer • Demonstrate how to clean a mouse • Explain what a driver is • Explain what an interrupt is Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  4. Introduction • Computers are made up of hardware and software • The software tells the hardware what to do • Computers receive input via the keyboard and mouse or other input devices • Processing happens though the motherboard via ROM, RAM, and the processor • The output comes through the monitor, printer, sound card, or more Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  5. EIDE Floppy disk Gigahertz Hard disk IDE IEEE IEEE 1394 Interrupt I/O IRQ ISA Master/slave Memory Microprocessor Modem Motherboard Network interface card Parity Partition PCI Plug and play Port RAM ROM SCSI Sector Virtual Memory Volume Important Terms to Understand Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  6. What Is a Computer? • Microprocessor • Internal Memory • Auxiliary Storage • Input Units • Output Units Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  7. Memory Input Central processing unit (CPU) Output Auxiliary Storage Disk Disk Any Computer System Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  8. Internal Hardware Components • CD-ROM • CPU • Expansion slots • Floppy drive • Hard disk • Memory chip • Motherboard • Power supply Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  9. Back of the Computer • Cooling Fan • Power Supply • Keyboard Connector • Mouse Connector • Parallel Printer Port • Video Connector Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  10. Processor • Brain of the computer • Current chips for PC • Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, and Pentium IV) • AMD (K-6 and Athlon) • Which do I buy? • Pentium or Athlon for graphic-intensive programs • K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  11. Types of Disks • Floppy Disk • Most common is 1.44Mb • LS-120 disk is 120Mb • High Capacity Removable Storage • Zip disks • Jazz Disks • CD-R • CD-RW • Hard (Fixed) Disk • Most common are 2.0 GHz or higher Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  12. Care of a Disk • Disk can be damaged easily • Power spikes can harm hard disks • A UPS can help with power surges • Floppy disks can be damaged when exposed to extreme heat or cold conditions Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  13. Monitor Size and Resolution • Monitors come in different sizes: 17,” 19,” and 21” • Resolution is expressed in pixels • 800 x 600 • 1024 x 768 • The higher the resolution, the more you can see • Larger monitors let you run at higher resolutions • e.g., 19” to run 1024 x 768 comfortably • A graphics card (video display adapter) speeds processing Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  14. Formatting a Disk • Formatting prepares a disk to accept data • Formatting can also delete any data already stored on the disk • Full format wipes everything out • Quick format deletes pointers only, but data is overwritten later Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  15. Multiple Drives • Each storage device has its own drive letter • C: is usually the first hard drive • Partitioned hard drives also contain their own letters Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  16. Partitions • Partitioning means to slice up one hard drive into separate areas • Installing one Office program would not affect the installing of another version on the second half Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  17. Boot Options • The boot file boot.ini is responsible for creating boot options for your OS • The boot file gives you the option to go into different OS installed on either side of a partition Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  18. Storage- Internal Memory (RAM) • Temporary (erased when power is turned off) • Measured in bytes • 1 Byte = 1 character (8 bits) • 1 Kilobyte = 210 (~1,000 bytes) • 1 Megabyte = 220 (~1,000,000 bytes) • 1 Gigabyte = 230 (~1,000,000,000 bytes) • Need 512 MB of RAM • Keep multiple programs & data files in memory • Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory • ROM is read only memory that contains instructions burned in at the computer factory Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  19. Data Transfer and Format • Data travels along the computer bus via a series of pathways • connects the hardware components to the processor • The wider the pathway, the faster the data moves • Data is transferred in the form of electronic signals represented by two states: 0 or 1 (off or on) • ASCII code translates computer language into something we can understand Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  20. Network Interface Cards and Modems • A NIC card connects two or more computer together to share information and resources • Connected to the back through a RF45 connector • A modem connects the computer to the Internet • A modem is connected to the back with a RJ11 connector Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  21. Additional Components • Ink Jet Printers • B/W or color • Smears • Laser Printers • Highest quality output • Speakers • Keyboard • Mouse • Trackball • Scanner • Joystick • Pens Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  22. Peripheral Devices- Drivers • Most peripheral devices require a driver to operate • Windows comes with many drivers for common mouse, keyboard, and other devices • Most manufacturing Web sites have drivers available for download Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  23. Peripheral Devices- Interrupts • Interrupts (mouse clicks, keyboard taps, etc.) are handled by the processor • Interrupts travel on IRQs (Interrupt Request Lines) • Windows reserves IRQs for your devices • Preview the Device Manager to see which ones are reserved • Interrupt conflicts can cause your computer to lock up Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  24. Installing Hardware • Hardware can be upgraded • Increase RAM • Increase your Processor • Add another drive • Must understand your system to purchase the correct upgrades • Add/Remove hardware components using Add/Remove Hardware Wizard Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  25. Summary • Sometimes you will want to open up your computer and to add upgraded hardware • IT professionals must understand • the role of the processor, • what ROM does, • the difference between RAM and storage space • and how to partition your hard disk • Newer computer systems do a better job handling interrupt conflicts • Newer computer systems have more drivers to add upgrades Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

  26. Questions? Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

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