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BAER Burn Severity Mapping Support

BAER Burn Severity Mapping Support. USFS/BLM Geospatial 2007 Portland, OR May 7-11, 2007. Randy A. McKinley Sr. Scientist Scientific Applications International Corp (SAIC) Contractor to USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001 Phone: 605-594-2745

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BAER Burn Severity Mapping Support

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  1. BAER Burn Severity Mapping Support USFS/BLM Geospatial 2007Portland, OR May 7-11, 2007 Randy A. McKinley Sr. Scientist Scientific Applications International Corp (SAIC) Contractor to USGS Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001 Phone: 605-594-2745 Email: RMcKinley@usgs.gov

  2. Outline • Collaborators • BARC Process & BAER • Statistics & Fires Mapped • MTBS Project and Fire Atlases • Landsat Satellite Status • Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) • Observations & Issues

  3. Collaborators • Jess Clark, USDA FS Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC), Salt Lake City, UT • Annette Parsons, USDA FS RSAC, Salt Lake City, UT & BLM Medford (OR) Field Office • RSAC maps USFS fires while USGS EROS maps fires on DOI managed lands

  4. BARC Process • Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) • This product suite consists of a “preliminary” BARC map of soil burn severity, not field verified or calibrated • The suite of products also includes raw imagery, full precision indexes (i.e., dNBR), perimeters, cloud/smoke masks, etc. • The product is usually derived in support of BAER teams but other local agencies may also request • BAER and other local experts are expected to field verify the BARC map and make adjustments as necessary • Once verified/approved, usually by local Soil Scientist, then the map becomes the BAER Soil Burn Severity map used in subsequent analyses and rehabilitation/stabilization recommendations

  5. Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation • Fast-Track emergency assessment • Assess effects of the fire on the soil and watershed hydrologic function (erosion and flood potential) for risks to: • Human life and property • Long-term soil productivity • Water quality • Natural resources

  6. BAER Team Objective Develop a Rehabilitation Plan Within 7 Days Inventory T&E species habitat affected Evaluate artifacts and cultural resources Predict runoff, flooding, threats to water quality Determine erosion potential, threats to soil productivity Prepare timber salvage plans and estimate reforestation needs

  7. Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) Prefire Postfire Postfire Remotely-sensed Imagery – BARC Mapping School Fire, Umatilla NF, 2005

  8. Normalized Burn Ratio NBR = (ρ4-ρ7)/(ρ4+ρ7) dNBR = PreNBR - PostNBR Where ρis reflectance from Landsat bands 4 and 7 Deriving the BARC • Collaborative effort between USGS EROS and USFS RSAC • Same methodology and models • Different land management agencies

  9. Paradise Fire, 2003 Applications of Image-derived Products • Map products • 3-D visualizations • Erosion Modeling • Vegetation mortality maps

  10. Modeling Postfire Effects • WEPP • Water Erosion Prediction Program • https://forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/cgi-bin/fswepp/wd/weppdist.pl • ERMiT • Erosion Risk Management Tool (WEPP in a simpler disguise) • https://forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/cgi-bin/fswepp/ermit/ermit.pl • Specific for BAER efforts, sediment erosion • Peak Flow Modeling • Rational method for predicting runoff • No sediment prediction, just water flow • Discharge at specified point • Debris Flow Modeling • Sue Cannon (USGS)

  11. Applications of Image Derived Products Day Fire BARC, 2006 Los Padres NF

  12. Applications of Image Derived Products Day Fire SPOT 5 10m Imagery

  13. L5 – Horse Fire ASTER – Middle Fork Complex SPOT 5 – Tripod Complex AWiFS – South Fork Complex Types of Imagery Used Landsat 5 and 7 SLC-Off (30m), ASTER (30m), SPOT 4 and 5 (20 and 10m), and AWiFS (56m) The dNBR algorithm and Landsat 5 data is “preferred”

  14. Barrel Blossom Delamar Southern Nevada Complex Esmeralda Fork Goodsprings Hackberry Paradise Seepay2 Wasson Wilson Alphabet Hills Ammerman Mtn Big Yenta Boudary (3rd Mapping) Deer Creek Chatrict Lake Glacier Creek (2nd & 3rd) Grayling Fork Lake Todantaten Louis Lake Rodo River 2005 Fires Mapped Alaska Lower 48

  15. Black Pulaski Buffalo Creek Bullfrog Butte Cactus Calico-Gold Valley Covington-Whispering Pines Crystal Death Valley Emerald Flat Tire Flick Creek Foster Gulch Innoko (2005) Old Dummy (2005) Gass Complex Geo Saline Salmon Fork – Fanny Mountain School Canyon (2005) Sheenjek Sheep Creek Soboba Squirrel Creek – John Heberts Village (2005) Suzie Complex Topanga Turner Creek Vegas Westwater2 Winter/Basco/Taylor Woodhouse/Thurman/ Blaisdell FY 2006 Fires Mapped Lower 48 & Alaska • Glacier Creek • Gorman (2005) • Hambly Complex • Happy Valley • Harvard (2005) • Hiko • Horse • Horton Hay • Hozana River – Nelson Mountain (2005) • Jackson Canyon • Kolob • LCC/Muleshoe • Marcial • Pushwalla • Rattlesnake Complex • Red Eagle • Rivera Mesa

  16. 4 Wheeler Amazon Aspen (2002) Box Cloudy Davies Dusky Echo Ely (Misc.) Higby Horse Hot Flash Jakes Valley Monkey Wrench Narrows Oreana Orlando Complex Osceola FY 2007 Fires Mapped Lower 48 & Alaska • Rocky • Sasquatch • Scenic • Timber • Webb • Wilson (OR)

  17. BAER ER Support Statistics Note: USGS EROS mapped most of the 2004 Alaska Fires for DOI and Alaska State Lands

  18. BLM Alaska Spring 2005 Wildfire Assessment – BARC Effort • In the Fall of 2004, EROS assisted the BAER team by mapping preliminary soil burn severity for over 25 wildfires covering 5-6 million acres. • In the Spring of 2005, EROS staff traveled to Alaska and worked with the BLM assessment team to validate and refine the soil burn severity classification. • In the Fall of 2005, the BLM Alaska State Office established a cooperative agreement with USGS EROS to facilitate future burn mapping support.

  19. Alaska 2004-2005 BARC Preliminary Burn Severity Mapping Criteria for Aerial Assessments(Criteria for assessment in the spring following fires)

  20. Over 23 post-fire Landsat 5/7 images acquired between August 4 and September 21, 2004 and processed within 10 days by USGS for BAER.

  21. Overview of 2004 Bolgen Creek fire area to the northeast of Fairbanks, AK.

  22. The Bolgen Creek fire was part of the Central Complex in 2004.

  23. Landsat Image (743) - Area to zoom in on in the Bolgen Creek fire.

  24. Example BARC post fire Landsat image (9/6/2004) and validation points for Bolgen Creek.

  25. BARC burn severity (Red=High, Yellow= Mod, LtBlue=Low) and location for airborne photo of one BARC high severity point.

  26. Other Bolgen Creek area photos.

  27. Seward Peninsula, Alaska

  28. 1950 1975 2000

  29. Issues & Observations • EROS/RSAC to respond to growing interest and need for Vegetation Mortality products in addition to the soil burn severity product: RdNBR, veg strata, other layers may be considered • Growing focus on BAER Treatment Monitoring (So. Nevada Complex into 2 year of monitoring for seeding areas) • EROS/RSAC considering the packaging of NAIP imagery (1-2 meter) from GEOMAC server to BARC suite of products • EROS/RSAC writing up standard product description and developing metadata template for product suite • EROS developing analyst backup option • EROS considering BARC data archiving and web distribution options

  30. Final Observations • 4-5 Years ago BAER soil burn severity mapping was done by sketch mapping severity patterns on topo maps, perhaps with the aid of a digitized fire perimeter • Burn mapping with satellite imagery has essentially replaced the manual method for BAER teams, except in cases where timely imagery is not available due to clouds, smoke, missed acquisitions, etc. • 5 Years ago there was minimal interest/activity related to burn mapping, burn severity assessments, and BAER requirements in the research community. Today, there are numerous researchers and students evaluating/questioning/enhancing original methodologies and techniques (i.e., dNBR, RdNBR). • This is GREAT!

  31. Landsat Satellite Status • Landsat Program started July 23, 1972 with Landsat 1 • Landsat 5 • March 1, 1984 – Present • Recent problems • X band downlink transmitter failed (March 16, 2006) • Alternate power-up process was successful in not tripping breaker (March 17, 2006) • Current Status • Fuel Exhausted by 2010 • Landsat 7 • April 15, 1999 - present • SLC-off anomaly • Gyro and Other issues • Current Status • Fuel Exhausted by 2010

  32. Satellite Status (con’t.) • Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) • Instrument RFP released and responses are under evaluation, award possibly this summer • Possible launch July 2011 • After checkout, imaging may operational by September 2011 • Likely “data gap” of 1 or more years • Specifications • Office of Science and Technology Policy memo • Free Flyer (not onboard NPOESS • …goal of the U.S. Government to transition the Landsat program from a series of independently planned missions to a sustained operational program funded and managed by a U.S. Government operational agency or agencies, international consortium, and/or commercial partnership. • Landsat “like”, similar in concept to ALI (on EO-1), pushbroom • Similar spectral bands but narrower, with exception of Thermal • Thermal would be separate instrument, but not funded to date • Similar spatial resolution (30 m MS & 15 m Pan)

  33. Satellite Status (con’t.) • Landsat Data Gap Study – Identifying Satellite Data Options • ASTER • Terra satellite – same orbit as Landsat 7, 60 km swath (Landsat 180 km) • Have created BARCs with mix of ASTER and Landsat scenes • ALI • EO-1 research satellite • small footprint (37 km swath) • Wide swath, VNIR and SWIR spectral bands somewhat like Landsat’s • China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) • Engineers from the Brazilian National Institute for Space Reseach (INPE) worked with EROS engineers at EROS to successfully download three images from CBERS-2. • Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) • The AWiFS ground resolution is 56 meters by 56 meters • Have created BARCs with mix of AWiFS and Landsat scenes • SPOT, DMC, and many others in orbit or planned … • Issues • Spectral bands (many lack SWIR) • Resolution (too coarse or too fine) • Inconsistent acquisition schedules (on demand) • Generally dependent upon Landsat for Pre-Fire coverage

  34. Operational Land Imager Spectral Bands *Contingent upon requirement trades between program elements, technical elements, and mission risk as part of the LDCM procurement. *Deep Blue and Cirrus new bands

  35. Key Changes with LDCM • 400 scenes will be acquired daily and delivered to the USGS archive • Instrument data will be quantized in 12-bits • A Level-1T product (precision and terrain corrected) will be generated routinely • Potential “free” cost model (June 4, 2007 L1T L7 released, free) • L1T products will be retrievable via web-enabled access • Products delivered as at-sensor reflectance values, although surface reflectance is being investigated

  36. BARC Product Contacts Jess Clark USFS BAER Support 801-975-3769 jtclark@fs.fed.us Randy McKinley DOI BAER Support 605-594-2745 rmckinley@usgs.gov

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