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Functional Groups

Functional Groups. What is the family name?. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. H. alkanes. Only carbon and hydrogen All single bonds. Q : What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds?. A : Cycloalkanes. H. H. C. C. H. H. alkenes.

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Functional Groups

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  1. Functional Groups What is the family name?

  2. H H H C C H H H alkanes • Only carbon and hydrogen • All single bonds Q: What should you call cyclic hydrocarbons made up o of just single bonds? A: Cycloalkanes

  3. H H C C H H alkenes • Only carbon and hydrogen • A carbon to carbon double bond Q: What should you call a molecule with two C=Cs? A: A diene

  4. H H C O H H C H H alcohols • Only one oxygen • Has an O-H group • Can classify as 1º/2º/3º according to position of O-H group on carbon skeleton Q: Why are short-chain alcohols so soluble in water? A: They can form hydrogenbonds with H2O molecules

  5. O H phenols • Only one oxygen • Has an O-H group • The O-H group is directly attached to a benzene ring Q: The C6H5- group has a special name. What is it? A: Phenyl

  6. H O H C C H H aldehydes • Only one oxygen • Has a C=O group • C=O group is at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to a hydrogen atom Q: Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to form …? A: Carboxylic acids

  7. H O H H C C C H H H ketones • Only one oxygen • Has a C=O group • C=O group is not at the end of carbon chain, so is next door to 2carbons Q: Ketones cannot easily be oxidised. Why not? A: No hydrogen atom attached to the C=O group.

  8. H O H C C O H H A: CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO–(aq) + H+(aq) carboxylicacids • Has 2 oxygens • Has O-H and C=O groups on the same carbon atom • This -COOH group has to be at the end of a carbon chain (why?) Q: Write an equation showing how ethanoic acid can a act as a (weak) acid.

  9. H O H H C C O C H H H esters • Has 2 oxygens • One oxygen is part of a C=O bond, the other is nextdoor, sandwiched between two carbons Q: This ester can be made by reacting ethanoic acid with a an alcohol. Name the alcohol, and name the ester. A: Alcohol = methanol; ester = methylethanoate

  10. H H H H C C O C H H H H ethers • Has 1 oxygen • No O-H or C=O group • The oxygen is sandwiched between two carbon atoms Q: Why do ethers have much lower boiling points t than their isomeric alcohols? A: No hydrogen bonds between ether molecules (why?)

  11. Family names: cycloalkane alkene primary (1º) alcohol secondary (2º) alcohol tertiary (3º) alcohol phenol aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester ether … are you ready? “What family…?” quiz 5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!

  12. H H C C H H What family does it belong to?(1)

  13. H O H C C H H What family does it belong to?(2)

  14. H H O H H C C C H H H H What family does it belong to? (3)

  15. H C O H H What family does it belong to?(4)

  16. H H H C O C H H H What family does it belong to?(5)

  17. H O H H C C O C H H H What family does it belong to?(6)

  18. H O H H C C C H H H What family does it belong to?(7)

  19. O H What family does it belong to?(8)

  20. H H O H C C C O H H H What family does it belong to?(9)

  21. H H C H H H C C O H H H C H H What family does it belong to? (10)

  22. H H C C H H H What family does it belong to? (11)

  23. H H C C H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (1) alkene

  24. H O H C C H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (2) aldehyde

  25. H H O H H C C C H H H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (3) secondary alcohol

  26. H C O H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (4) primary alcohol

  27. H H H C O C H H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (5) ether

  28. H O H H C C O C H H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (6) ester

  29. H O H H C C C H H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (7) ketone

  30. O H Answers: “What family?” quiz (8) phenol

  31. H H O H C C C O H H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (9) carboxylic acid

  32. H H C H H H C C O H H H C H H Answers: “What family?” quiz (10) tertiary alcohol

  33. Answers: “What family?” quiz (11) H H C C H H H cycloalkane

  34. “Spot the functional groups”quiz Functional groups: • alkene • primary (1º) alcohol • secondary (2º) alcohol • tertiary (3º) alcohol • phenol • arene (NEW!) • aldehyde • ketone • carboxylic acid • ester • ether … are you ready? 5 … 4 … 3 … 2 … 1 … GO!

  35. OH OH OH OH O O Spot both the functional groups (1) phenol carboxylic acid

  36. O O O O O O OH OH Spot all three functional groups (2) ester carboxylic acid arene

  37. OH O OH O O O Spot both the functional groups (3) phenol ester

  38. OH OH OH OH OH OH Spot both the functional groups (4) primary alcohols secondaryalcohol

  39. O O OH OH Spot all three functional groups (5) ketone tertiary alcohol alkene

  40. O H O H Spot all three functional groups (6) aldehyde alkene arene

  41. O O OCH3 OCH3 Spot all three functional groups (7) ketone arene ether

  42. Functional groups quiz:results Maximum score = 18 How did you do?

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