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Functional Groups

Functional Groups. Chemistry 11. Functional Groups. There are several different groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon in order to change it into a different type of organic compound

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Functional Groups

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  1. Functional Groups Chemistry 11

  2. Functional Groups • There are several different groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon in order to change it into a different type of organic compound • It will be important to be able to differentiate between the different functional groups and the compounds they form

  3. Alcohol • An alcohol is created when a hydroxyl group (OH) is added to a carbon • The hydroxyl group can be in the middle of the compound or on a terminal carbon • By convention, if the hydroxyl group is on the terminal carbon, it is draw on the right hand end of the compound • An alcohol takes the root of the compound but adds the suffix “ol”

  4. Carboxylic Acid • Is created when the carobxyl group (COOH) is part of a hydrocarbon • This group appears on a terminal carbon and include a carbon oxygen double bond and then an OH group • To name a carboxylic acid, the root remains but the suffix becomes “oic acid”

  5. Aldehydes & Ketones • Aldehydes are created when a formyl group (double bonded oxygen) is bonded to a terminal carbon • It is named using the suffix “al” • Ketones are created when a carbonyl group (doubled bonded oxygen) is bonded to a non-terminal carbon • It is named using the suffix “one”

  6. Esters • Esters have both a double bonded oxygen and single bonded oxygen in the middle of the compound • They are normally created from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol to form an ester and water • They are named by giving the alcohol group an alkyl name and using the suffix “oate” with the carboxylic acid

  7. Amines and Amides • Amines contain a nitrogen bonded in the carbon chain (may appear at the end of the carbon chain) • Named by adding “amine” to the root • Amides also contain a nitrogen but it must be bonded to a carbon that has a double bonded oxygen • Named by adding “amide” to the root

  8. Practice Problems • Page 379 • 1-4

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