Understanding Europeans

1. Understanding Europeans A historical perspective Needs Based Instruction in order to make historical connections to the Age of Exploration and Colonialism by Europeans.

2. Power of the Roman Empire • Roman Empire 1 AD/CE • Two thousand years ago, the world was ruled by Rome. From England to Africa and from Syria to Spain, one in every four people on earth lived and died under Roman law. • The Roman Empire in the first century AD mixed sophistication with brutality and could suddenly lurch from civilization, strength and power to terror, tyranny and greed.

3. Roman Culture • Traditionally, Roman society was extremely rigid. By the first century, however, the need for capable men to run Rome’s vast empire was slowly eroding the old social barriers.

4. Economic Vocabulary Term: Interdependence • A country cannot possibly make every good, service, and have all the raw materials it will need. • Due to these facts countries are INTERDEPENDENT upon each other for their economic success which brings about POWER. • The various classical civilizations over the ages established vast trading networks with one another. The exchange of goods and ideas occurred from the time of the early Indian Empire on the Indus River, all the way up to the Roman Empire on the Mediterranean. In some cases, this exchange was very one sided, but remain mutually beneficial despite this. Movement/Migration

5. Europe’s people were polytheistic (the belief in many gods). Movement of ideas: on major Roman sea trade routes Many Jews were taken out of their homeland when they were conquered called the Great DIASPORA Judaism and Christianity began here

6. The impact of religion • As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions multiplied, religious and cultural systems were transformed. • Religions and belief systems provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. • These shared beliefs also influenced and reinforced political, economic, and occupational stratification.

7. The impact of religion • Religious and political authority often merged as rulers (some of whom were considered divine) used religion, along with military and legal structures, to justify their rule and ensure its continuation. • Religions and belief systems could also generate conflict, partly because beliefs and practices varied greatly within and among societies.

9. Monarchy: is ruled by an emperor or king with absolute power Republic: A republic is a form of government in which affairs of state are a "public matter" (Latin: res publica), not the private concern of the rulers (electing leaders). The fall of the Roman Empire • Rome had quite a run. First a monarchy, then a republic, then an empire – all roads led to Rome for over 1200 years. In the Mediterranean, Rome was in charge. During the Imperial period, Rome had some wonderful emperors. Rome also suffered from a series of bad, corrupt and just plain crazy emperors. There were lots of reasons why Rome fell. 

10. The fall of the Roman Empire Problems towards the end of the Empire included • The empire was too large to govern effectively. • The army was not what it used to be. There was corruption in the military - dishonest generals and non-Roman soldiers. • Civil wars broke out between different political groups. • Emperors were often selected by violence, or by birth, so the head of government was not always a capable leader.

11. The fall of the Roman Empire • The increased use of slaves put many Romans out of work • The rich became lazy and showed little interest in trying to solve Rome problems. • The poor were overtaxed and overworked. They were very unhappy. • Prices increased, trade decreased. • The population was shrinking due to starvation and disease. That made it difficult to manage farms and government effectively. • The Empire starting shrinking. The Huns, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Saxons and other barbarian tribes overran the empire.

12. The fall of the Roman empire • The ancient Romans tried to solve some of their problems by splitting the Roman Empire in half, hoping that would make the empire easier to manage. Each side had an emperor, but the emperor in charge was the emperor of the western half, the half that included the city of Rome. 

13. The fall of the Roman empire • The Western Roman Empire did not do well. Instead of getting stronger, they became weaker. By 400 AD, it was pretty much over. The Huns, Franks, Vandals, Saxons, Visigoths – any of these barbarian tribes might have been the group that finally brought Rome down. They were all attacking various pieces of the Western Roman Empire. In 476 AD, the Visigoths sacked Rome. Europe entered the Dark Ages.  • The Easter Roman Empire received a new name – the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire did fine. It lasted for another 1000 years!

14. But before it fell • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/early-christian-architecture.html • Emperor Constantine controlled the eastern Roman Empire • Became the first Christian Emperor of Rome

15. The dark ages What could the term DARK mean to describe this time period? • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-dark-ages-loss-of-classical-culture.html

16. The Rule of the Catholic Church • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/machiavelli-and-what-he-learned-from-the-italian-wars.html • How did the Catholic Church lose power of their Papal States in Europe? Yep, GREED!

17. Maslow was a psychiatrist in the 20th century who developed “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. • Every human being must have the bottom of the hierarchy of needs fulfilled first before they can reach the next level. • Once a level is completed then the next one is obtainable. • Notice the last two levels are ‘self-esteem’ & ‘self-actualization’. • These levels were obtained during a historical time period called ‘the Renaissance’. Why?

18. Italy birthplace of the renaissance • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/humanism-in-the-renaissance-recognizing-the-beauty-of-the-individual.html • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-italian-renaissance-and-italys-transformation.html

19. Leonardo da vinci • The Renaissance Man • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/leonardo-da-vinci-biography.html • What would make Leonardo da Vinci a “Renaissance Man”? Triple Threat: • __________________________ • __________________________ • __________________________

20. The reformation • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/martin-luther-the-95-theses-and-the-birth-of-the-protestant-reformation.html • How did the Renaissance period encourage the Reformation period which created Protestants (Baptists, Lutherans, Methodists, Unitarians, etc.) out of the Catholic Church? • How did this new change of denomination affect the people of Europe?

21. The reformation • Protestantism spreads to Other Parts of Europe http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-spread-of-the-protestant-reformation-across-europe.html • So when you are a Catholic country and you are a King which one holds the power, the Pope of Rome or the King? • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/henry-viii-and-the-anglican-church.html

22. The printing press Another amazing invention of the Renaissance time period! • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/how-the-printing-press-changed-the-world.html

23. The Printing press • What was the historical impact of the printing press? • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • Do you think that if the Renaissance period in history did not happen would they have invented the printing press? Why or why not?

24. The Counter reformation • The Catholic church began to listen to the complaints of abuse of power from people like Martin Luther. • http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-reformers-the-catholic-church-how-religious-beliefs-transformed-during-the-reformation.html

25. Go to my Wiki site • http://jacksonsocialstudies.wikispaces.com/ • Complete a “FAKEBOOK” on any of the following choices provided from the Renaissance Period, the Scientific Revolution, the Reformation to become familiar with how humanism brought Europe into the Age of Exploration. • Plus making the FAKEBOOK page is totally FUN!

26. references • Renaissance Period retrieved from http://www.nvcc.edu/home/jwulff/mus103/renaissance_period.htm on June 29, 2013 at 8:22 PM. • Public Broad Casting, The Roman Empire in the first century retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/ June 29, 2013 at 8:44 PM. • Educational Portal, Early Christian Architecture: Examples, History & Characteristics retrieved from http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/early-christian-architecture.htmlon June 30, 2013 at 8:51. (all videos can be found here)