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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Chemical Equilibrium. Material Equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium , which is equilibrium with respect to conversion of one set of chemical species to another set. Phase equilibrium , which is equilibrium with respect to transport of matter between phases of system.

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Chemical Equilibrium

  2. Material Equilibrium • Chemical equilibrium, which is equilibrium with respect to conversion of one set of chemical species to another set. • Phase equilibrium, which is equilibrium with respect to transport of matter between phases of system.

  3. 2NO2(g) →N2O4(g)

  4. H2O+CO → H2+CO2

  5. H2O+CO → H2+CO2

  6. Equilibrium Constant • Ka: acid dissociation constant (HA H++A-) • Kb=Kw/Ka (A-+H2O HA+OH-) • Kw=1×10-14 (H2O H++OH-) • Ksp: solubility product constant

  7. The Standard Concentration Equilibrium Constant Kc: equilibrium constant expressed by concentration Kp: equilibrium constant expressed by pressure aA+bB→cC+dD△n=(c+d)-(a+b)

  8. Nonideal MixtureActivity and Activity Coefficients

  9. Heterogeneous Equilibra

  10. Application of the Equilibrium Constant－Reaction Quotient 1. Q=K, equilibrium 2. Q>K, the system shifts to the left 3. Q<K, the system shifts to the right

  11. Le Châtelier’s Principle • If a change in conditions is imposed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift in a direction that tends to reduce that change in conditions. • If a reactant or product is added to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift away from the added component. If a reactant or product is removed, the system will shift toward the removed component

  12. The Effect of a Change in Concentration • If a reactant or product is added to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift away from the added component. If a reactant or product is removed, the system will shift toward the removed component.

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