Download
1 / 32
320 likes | 427 Vues
This chapter explores the periodic table, focusing on key trends such as atomic size, ionic size, ionization energy, and electronegativity. It introduces sodium (Na), its atomic structure, and properties as a metal. The chapter outlines the differences between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, highlighting their conductivity, malleability, and states at room temperature. Students will learn about electron configurations, groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanides, actinides, and noble gases, emphasizing the importance of these trends in understanding chemical behavior.
E N D
Chapter 6 Periodic Table Periodic Trends
Atomic number Electrons in each energy level Na 2 8 1 11 Element symbol Sodium Element Name 22.990 Average atomic mass
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
good conductors of heat and electricity - ductile • high luster - malleable • mostly solids at room temperature Metals
poor conductors of heat and electricity • brittle • mostly gases at room temperature Nonmetals
semi-conductors • characteristics of metals and nonmetals Metalloids
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
Alkali metals Lanthanide Series Metalloids Noble gases Br Liquid Alkaline Earth metals Actinide Series Other non-metals Li Solid Rf Unknown Transition metals Other metals Halogens N Gas Home Table
s-block p-block d-block f-block s1 p6
Electron Configurations in Groups Noble Gases (Group 18) - configuration ends in s2p6 Representative Elements (s- and p-blocks) - s-block configurations end in s1-2 - p-block configurations end in s2p1-6
Atomic Size • Atomic radius is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined • The attractive force of the nucleus decreases as one moves left across a period • The number of shells (energy levels) increases as one moves down a group
Atomic Size Increases Increases
Atomic Size Which element has the largest atomic radius? Francium
Ionic Size • Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons • Ions have a positive or negative charge • Cation • An atom or group of atoms with a positive charge • Anion • An atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
Ionic Size • Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form • Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form e- e- 11 p+ 11 p+ 11 e- 10 e- 17 p+ 17 p+ 17 e- 18 e-
Ionization Energy • Ionization energy the energy required to remove an electron from an atom • Every element wants to gain or lose electrons to act like a Noble Gas
Ionization Energy Increases Increases
Electronegativity • Electronegativity is the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound • Remember that every element wants to act like a Noble Gas
Electronegativity Increases Increases
