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Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules. 6 protons. 6 electrons. Organic Molecules. Carbon = building block of organic molecules Carbon is unique Unstable: 2 nd level not full Will bond up to four times. 1. 1. 4. 2. 2. 3. Organic Molecules. monomer. monomer. monomer.

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Organic Molecules

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  1. Organic Molecules

  2. 6 protons 6 electrons Organic Molecules • Carbon = building block of organic molecules • Carbon is unique • Unstable: 2nd level not full • Will bond up to four times 1 1 4 2 2 3

  3. Organic Molecules monomer monomer monomer • Carbon = building block of organic molecules • Carbon is unique • Unstable: 2nd level not full • Will bond up to four times • Monomer: Small carbon molecules • Ex: Amino acid • Polymer: chain of linked monomers • Ex: Protein monomer monomer Polymer monomer monomer monomer monomer monomer

  4. Is Carbon stable with 4 electrons in its outer layer? Is Hydrogen stable with 1 electron in its layer? 1 dash = 2 electrons Problem: Drawing dot diagrams is time consuming. Try this instead! So what do atoms do when they are unstable?

  5. The Same Thing… 1 dash = 2 electrons

  6. Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable How many electrons? How many electrons? How many electrons? How many electrons? How many electrons? Ring structures Triple bonds Single bonds Very complex Double bonds 1 Dash = 2 electrons

  7. Carbohydrates • Readily available food source • C1: H2: O1 ratio • Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6 • Monomer: Monosaccharides • Simple sugars • Bond to form larger sugars • Polymer: Polysaccharide • Complex sugars Fructose (monosaccharide) Glucose (monosaccharide) Sucrose (Polysaccharide)

  8. Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide glucose • Polysaccharides: Long chain of monosaccharides • Ex: Starch: excess plant sugar converted & stored • Ex: Glycogen: made by animals; stored in liver & muscles • Ex: Cellulose: made by plants; used by plants to make cell walls glucose glucose glucose glucose

  9. Review How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy level? 2nd energy level? Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used as energy for cells? If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain? What are the monomers of carbohydrates called? What are the polymers of carbohydrates called? Which polymer is stored by animals? Which polymer is stored by plants?

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