January 2018 LCCU Meeting

1. January 2018 LCCU Meeting • We’ll answers members’ questions: • How do I control when Windows 10 updates happen? • How do I wipe a PC before selling or recycling it? • What is a Windows/Microsoft Store app, vs. a desktop app? Does it require a Microsoft account? What are some recommended free apps? • What should I know about the Fall Creators Update? • What are the Meltdown & Spectre CPU flaws? • What is the Alteryx data leak?

2. November 2017 LCCU Meeting • We’ll answers members’ questions: • How can you sync 2 PCs; what are the options and their pros & cons? • How do you create multiple user accounts on a PC? • Review the privacy options in Windows 10. • Does my Windows boot in UEFI or Legacy mode? • How do I create & use a system image backup? • How do I turn off Cortana?

3. January 2018 LCCU MeetingControl Windows 10 Updates • Settings>Update & Security>Windows Update: • Change active hours – Windows won’t update then! • Restart options – “Schedule a time” is only available when there are pending updates. “Show more notifications” is Off on mine • Advanced options – • “Give me updates for other Microsoft products” – check, if needed; • “Configure automatic device setup after an update” signs in and completes update after reboot, prevents wait.

4. January 2018 LCCU MeetingControl Windows 10 Updates • Settings>Windows Update: • Advanced Options>Delivery Optimization, “Allow updates from other PCs” – set to Off or “PCs on my local network”. • Delivery Optimization>Advanced Options, “Limit how much bandwidth is used for downloading updates in the background” default is 45%; and “Limit how much bandwidth is used to upload updates to other PCs on the internet” default is 50%.

5. January 2018 LCCU MeetingControl Windows 10 Updates • Delay allowed after update before restarting PC: • 3 days in Windows 8; 7 days for Windows 10. • Fix stalled or stuck update: • Check in update history for recent updates, i.e. within last month, and for any failed updates. • Go to Start, Settings, Update & Security, and in left column, Troubleshoot. In window that opens, select “Windows update” and “Run the troubleshooter”.

6. January 2018 LCCU MeetingControl Windows 10 Updates • References: • How to Control Updates in Windows 10 – PC Mag • How Windows 10's Anniversary Update takes the wait out of future updates from PC World • Manage device restarts after updates from Microsoft • How to Fix Windows Update When It Gets Stuck from howtogeek.com

7. January 2018 LCCU MeetingPrepare PC to Sell/Recycle • Win 10, Reset: • Click Settings> Update & Security > Recovery. Click the “Get Started” button under “Reset this PC”. • Select “Remove everything”, then “Remove files and clean the drive”. This will copy data over the drive so files can’t be recovered and reinstall Windows.

8. January 2018 LCCU MeetingPrepare PC to Sell/Recycle • Win 7 with mechanical hard drive: • Wipe the drive with SafeErase ($29.95), install and click “SafeErase Entire Computer”. • Or wipe drive with DBAN (Darik’s Boot and Nuke, free) download it, burn it to DVD using Imgburn, et al. or copy to a thumb drive, change boot order and run it. Type “autonuke”. • Reinstall Windows 7 from a disc or bootable USB stick with Windows installation files. You can download this from Microsoft. Will need product key on PC label.

9. January 2018 LCCU MeetingReturn to Factory Condition • Win 7, Return to Factory Condition (not a wipe): • 1. Click Start, "Control Panel.“, "System and Security," "Restore Your Computer to an Earlier Time" in the Action Center section. • 2. Click "Advanced Recovery Methods," then choose "Return Your Computer to Factory Condition." • 3. Click "Next" and follow the instructions to complete the process • 4. Click "Restart" when prompted to complete the process.

10. January 2018 LCCU MeetingReturn to Factory Condition • Win 7: Return to Factory Condition (continued) • Then delete the Windows.old folder: • 1. Click Start, "All Programs.“, "Accessories,“, "System Tools" and choose "Disk Cleanup." • 2. Click "Clean Up System Files" on the Disk Cleanup tab. • 3. Click the "Previous Windows Installation(s)" check box, "OK." Click "Delete Files" on the popup window. • And wipe free space using CCleaner.

11. January 2018 LCCU MeetingPrepare PC to Sell/Recycle • References: • Everything You Need to Know About “Reset This PC” in Windows 8 and 10 from howtogeek.com • How to Prepare a Computer, Tablet, or Phone Before Selling It from howtogeek.com • How to Wipe (Securely Erase) Your Devices Before Disposing of or Selling Them from howtogeek.com • Beginner Geek: How to Reinstall Windows on Your Computer from howtogeek.com

12. January 2018 LCCU MeetingPrepare PC to Sell/Recycle • References, Win 7: • Wipe, Delete, and Securely Destroy Your Hard Drive’s Data the Easy Way from howtogeek.com • How To Overwrite Free Space Securely in Windows from howtogeek.com • How to Wipe a Computer from wikihow.com • Download Windows 7 Disc Images (ISO Files) from Microsoft

13. January 2018 LCCU MeetingPrepare PC to Sell/Recycle • References, Win 7: • How to Wipe Everything Off a Hard Drive Except the OS (Win 7) • How to easily Factory Reset a Windows 7 PC on youtube.com

14. January 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • Windows Store app definition (Wikipedia): • Is a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) app, runs across all compatible Windows devices. • Microsoft specified development platform and installation format must be used. • Are sandboxed and cannot permanently change a Windows ecosystem. • Need permission to access devices such as webcams. • File access is restricted to user folders.

15. January 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • Vs. desktop apps (e.g. VLC has both): • Buttons are spaced out, work better with touch screens & small screens. • Have fewer features. • Vs. web versions (e.g. Messenger, Netflix): • Choice depends on user preference.

16. January 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • To access: • Click the “Microsoft Store” tile on the start screen or find “Microsoft Store” in your apps. • Scroll down to “Top free apps”. To see more, click “Show all”. Browse or search, and click “Get”. • To install most free apps, no login is needed. For paid apps, log in with a Microsoft account, but to keep a Windows account local, on the “Make it yours” screen, don’t enter a password, just click “Sign in to just this app instead”.

17. Janary 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • Recommended by PC Mag & Digital Trends • Adobe Photoshop Express – photo editor • Dropbox – cloud storage & syncing • Duolingo – language learning app • FreshPaint – drawing app • Netflix – streaming video service • The Weather Channel – integrated with Cortana • VLC – video & music player • Wunderlist – track to-dos and tasks

18. January 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • References: • Desktop vs. Windows Store Apps: Which Should You Download? From makeuseof.com • How to download Windows Store apps with a local account from PC World • How To Install Store Apps Without Switching To Microsoft Account In Windows 10 – intowindows.com

19. January 2018 LCCU MeetingWindows Store Apps • References: • The Best Windows 10 Universal Apps of 2017 from PC Mag • These great Windows apps will get you started with your new Windows 10 machine from digitaltrends • The Best Free Windows Store Apps Worth Your Time from makeuseof.com • Best Free Windows Apps from techsupportalert.com • How to Find, Download Microsoft Windows Store Apps from PC Mag

20. January 2018 LCCU MeetingFall Creators Update • Turn on Anti-ransomware feature in Windows Defender (if you use Defender): • Settings>Update and Security>Windows Defender • Click Virus & threat protection > Virus & threat protection settings and toggle the switch under Controlled folder access to On, • Turn on auto cleanup of downloads: • Settings, System, Storage, set Storage Sense on, click “Change how we free up space”, check “Delete files in Downloads folder that haven’t changed in 30 days”

21. January 2018 LCCU MeetingFall Creators Update • Link your Apple or Android phone: • Send Edge web pages from your phone • Let other phone apps link to your PC apps • Control Cortana settings in one place: • Control the microphone, permissions & history and notifications from your phone. • OneDrive files on demand • Leave files in the cloud, download as needed. • People on the taskbar – for easy Skype access

22. January 2018 LCCU MeetingFall Creators Update • References: • What’s New in Windows 10’s Fall Creators Update, Available Now from howtogeek.com • Windows 10 tip: Turn on the new anti-ransomware features in the Fall Creators Update by Ed Bott • The Windows 10 Fall Creators Update's best new features from PC World • Thinking About Windows 10 File History by Thurott.com

23. January 2018 LCCU MeetingAlteryx Data Leak • Exposed by Upguard cybersecurity researcher Chris Vickery, found data on 123 million households in an Amazon Web Services storage "bucket“, available to anyone with a free account. • Left online by marketing analytics company Alteryx. • Combines data from an Experian product called Consumer View with U.S. Census data, no names but includes 248 fields including address & contact info. • Damaging if cross-referenced with Voter Registration database.

24. January 2018 LCCU MeetingAlteryx Data Leak • References: • Home Economics: How Life in 123 Million American Households Was Exposed Online by Upguard • 120 Million American Households Exposed In 'Massive' ConsumerView Database Leak

25. January 2018 LCCU MeetingMeltdown & Spectre CPU Flaws • Nature of the CPU Flaws: • Problem is with speculative execution, where processors predict which instructions will be executed next and run them in parallel, without checking permissions properly and leaking info on commands that aren’t run. • Meltdown lets a program access the memory of other programs and the operating system. • Spectre tricks other programs into leaking their memory contents.

26. January 2018 LCCU MeetingMeltdown & Spectre CPU Flaws • Mitigating the CPU Flaws: • Processors by Intel, AMD and ARM are affected. • Install updates to mitigate Meltdown: • Windows 10 KB4056892 (Build 16299.192) for Fall Creators Update. • Windows 10 KB4056891 (Build 15063.850) for Creators Update. • Windows 10 KB4056890, KB4056888 and KB4056893 for older devices. • Windows 7 KB4056897 and Windows 8.1 KB4056898.

27. January 2018 LCCU MeetingMeltdown & Spectre CPU Flaws • Mitigating the CPU Flaws: • Chrome browser has an update, Firefox released the first of 2 mitigations; go to Help, check for updates to make sure you have them. • Microsoft is working on Edge. • See Cnet article for other devices.

28. January 2018 LCCU MeetingMeltdown & Spectre CPU Flaws • References: • How to protect yourself from Meltdown and Spectre CPU flaws from cnet.com • Chip Design Flaw Not Limited to Intel, Researchers Say from PC Mag • What We Know So Far About Meltdown and Spectre, the Devastating Vulnerabilities in Modern CPUs from gizmodo.com • How to patch Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities on Windows 10, 8.1 and 7 from windowslatest.com

29. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCreate a System Image Backup • Create image backup on external hard drive: • Mount an external hard drive • Type Control Panel in the Search box. Select “System & Security” & “Backup and Restore (Windows 7)”. • Select “Create a system image”. Check that your external drive is selected and click “Next”. • Check that space available exceeds the space required. Click “Next”. • Check your selections and click “Start backup”. • When done, it will ask to create a system repair disc.

30. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCreate a System Image Backup • Create system repair disk on DVD drive: • Insert disk in DVD drive. • Respond “Yes” after creating system image or … • Type Control Panel in the Search box. Select “System & Security” & “Backup and Restore (Windows 7). • Select “Create a system repair disc”. • Select the drive on which to create the image and click the “Create disk” button. Watch the progress bar, click “Close” when done.

31. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCreate a System Image Backup • Create recovery drive on USB drive – Win 10: • Insert USB drive in USB port. • Search for “recovery drive” and click “Create a recovery drive”. • Select the device on which to create it. • If you select “Backup system files to the recovery drive”, you will be able to restore Windows from it, but creation will take a long time (1-2 hours). • Click Next, select the drive, click Next, read warning that everything will be deleted and click “Create”.

32. December 2017 LCCU MeetingRestore from System Image • When to restore a system image: • Windows won’t boot, or is unstable with repeated error messages, and system restore and startup repair can’t fix it. • Or you have replaced the hard drive.

33. December 2017 LCCU MeetingRestore from System Image • Restore image to same PC using repair disk: • Connect the drive with the system image backup • Insert system repair disk or recovery drive. • For Win 7, F8 on boot goes directly into BIOS. • For Win 10, start PC and select key for Startup menu • Select F9,“Boot device options” and change to boot from USB, or F10, BIOS to set to boot from DVD. • Select Troubleshoot, Advanced Options, “System Image Recovery”. Select “Restore your computer using an image that you created earlier”, & location.

34. December 2017 LCCU MeetingRestore from System Image • If PC boots to Windows 10 • Within Windows, click Start button, and hold down Shift key while pressing Restart. It goes to the Windows Recovery Environment screen. • Select Troubleshoot > Advanced Options > System Image Recovery. Select “Restore your computer from a system image that you created earlier”. Select location of system image files ” and follow the wizard.

35. December 2017 LCCU MeetingRestore from System Image • Windows Recovery Environment

36. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCreate a System Image Backup • References: • How to Create a System Image Backup in Windows 7, 8, or 10 from howtogeek.com • How to Use All of Windows 10’s Backup and Recovery Tools from howtogeek.com • How to Restore System Image Backups on Windows 7, 8, and 10 from howtogeek.com • How to Boot Your Computer From a Disc or USB Drive from howtogeek.com

37. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCreate a System Image Backup • References from howtogeek.com: • How to Create and Use a Recovery Drive or System Repair Disc in Windows 8 or 10 • How to Use the Advanced Startup Options to Fix Your Windows 8 or 10 PC • Three Ways to Access the Windows 8 or 10 Boot Options Menu

38. December 2017 LCCU MeetingBoot from Disk or USB drive • References: • How to Boot Your Computer From a Disc or USB Drive from howtogeek.com • What to Do When Windows Won’t Boot • How to Fix Startup Problems with the Windows Startup Repair Tool • Change Boot Sequence and How to Boot from USB • HP PCs - Creating and Using a System Image to Restore Your Computer (Windows 8)

39. December 2017 LCCU MeetingBoot in UEFI of Legacy mode? • UEFI = Unified Extensible Firmware Interface • Option 1: • Right-click Start and select Disk Management. • A segment labelled “Healthy (EF) System Partition” before C: indicates UEFI; otherwise Legacy. • Option 2: • Type “msinfo32” in the search box or Run box. • Check whether the entry to the right of “BIOS Mode” is “Legacy” or “UEFI”.

40. January 2018 LCCU MeetingAccess BIOS Settings • Press a specific key—different on different computers, but often Esc, F2, F10, or Delete—while the computer boots.

41. January 2018 LCCU MeetingAccess UEFI Settings • Shift-Restart, Troubleshoot, Advanced Options:

42. December 2017 LCCU MeetingBoot in UEFI of Legacy mode? • References: • How to Check if Windows is Booted in UEFI or Legacy BIOS Mode from eightforums.com • What Is UEFI, and How Is It Different from BIOS? From howtogeek.com • What You Need to Know About Using UEFI Instead of the BIOS from howtogeek.com

43. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCortana - Disable • For Windows 10 Home: • Edit the registry after backing it up. Find the key HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Windows Search (you might need to create it), create the DWORD value AllowCortana and set it to 0. • For Windows 10 Pro: • use the local Group Policy Editor, gpedit.msc, to open the policy Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Search > Allow Cortana and set it to Disabled.

44. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCortana - turn off • Turn off interactions • Click search box/Cortana and Options icon. Set options to off. • Turn off Microsoft connection • Open the Cortana search box, • Click the Notebook icon, About me. • Choose the user account. Click Sign out. • Or use a local account • Settings, Accounts, “Sign in with a local account instead”.

45. December 2017 LCCU MeetingCortana - clear data • Clear Cortana’s data • Sign in to Microsoft’s Privacy Dashboard • Manage browse data, location data, search history & Cortana’s notebook.

46. December 2017 LCCU MeetingTurn off Cortana • References: • Windows 10 tip: Turn off Cortana completely by Ed Bott, 8/17/2016 • How to Disable Cortana in Windows 10’s Anniversary Update by HowToGeek.com • How to turn off Cortana in Windows 10 fron techadvisor.co.uk • Cortana and privacy by Microsoft

47. October 2017 LCCU MeetingMicrosoft Privacy Dashboard • References • Microsoft’s new privacy dashboard and set-up experience empowers Windows 10 users from Microsoft

48. December 2016 LCCU MeetingWindows 10 File History • By default, it will back up Documents, Pictures, Desktop, Downloads, OneDrive, Music and Video folders, but you can add add or exclude folders. • Back up to an external drive or network drive. • Go to Settings > Update & Security > Backup, and under “Backup using file history”, select “Add a drive”, and select your drive. This will turn on “Automatically back up my files”. • Select “More options” to configure.

49. December 2016 LCCU MeetingWindows 10 File History • “More options” to configure: • How often – default is every hour; choices range from every 10 minutes to daily. • For how long – default is forever, but choices range from 1 month to 2 years or when space is needed. • Which folders – exclude some defaults or add others. • Change backup drive – click “Stop using drive”, then “Add a drive”. It can only be configured to backup to one drive at a time. • Advanced settings – allow other PCs on network

50. December 2016 LCCU MeetingWindows 10 File History • Restore from File History: • Go to Settings > Update & Security > Backup and under “Backup using file history” “More options”, select “Restore personal files”. Files saved on another computer can be restored as well. • You can restore previous versions. For a given folder, you can restore deleted files.