1863 – 1877 United State of America

2. 1863 – 1877 United State of America

3. Reconstruction Era • 1863 • Emancipation Proclamation • Executive Order by Lincoln • Freed all Slaves in the 10 Confederate States • Did not outlaw slavery, rather made it a goal • Shifted Focus of the War • From Keeping Union together to Ending Slavery • Weakened The South

5. Reconstruction Era 1865 Abe Lincoln Assassinated John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson becomes President December 18, 1865 13th Amendment Abolished Slavery

7. Reconstruction Era • Freedman’s Bureau • helped solve everyday problems • clothing, food, water, health care, communication with family members, and jobs. • It distributed 15 million rations of food to African Americans • Set up a system where planters could borrow rations in order to feed freedmen they employed

8. Reconstruction Era • Freedmen • Freed slaves • Carpetbaggers • Northerners who moved To the South • land, politics, etc. • Many former Union Soldiers • Hired Freedmen • Railroads • Southern Feelings??

9. Reconstruction Era • A cartoon from an Alabama Newspaper in 1868

10. Reconstruction Era • Scalawags • Southerners who supported abolition • Supported desegregation and racial integration • Along with Freedmen and Carpetbaggers, introduced reconstruction programs which included funding public schools, establishing charitable institutions, raising taxes, and offering massive aid to support improved railroad transportation and shipping.

11. Reconstruction Era • Redeemers • White Southerners (former confederate soldiers and slave owners) • Opposed Republican coalition • Could not accept defeat • Denied the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments • Emergence of KKK

12. Reconstruction Era • Now it’s your turn! • Through the eyes of the group that you were in last week… • Create a political Cartoon depicting either • Scalawags • Freedmen • Redeemers • Carpetbaggers • Lincoln, Booth, Johnson, etc. • Be Creative, make a statement! • Do you like this group or not??

13. Reconstruction JigsawRead your section. As a group create an outline. Return to seats, teach outline to the rest of your group. • Pg. 250 – 252 (Group 1) • Lincolns Plan, Radical Republicans, Freedman’s Bureau • Pg. 253 – 255 (Group 2) • Johnson, Radical Republicans, Military Reconstruction • Pg. 256 – 259 (Group 3) • Changes in the South, Republican Coalition, Southern Resistance • Pg. 260 – 263 (Group 4) • Grant, End of Reconstruction, New South • Who, what, when, where, why? Vocab terms.

14. Jig-saw Activity • Why Jig-saw? • Frustrating? Confusing? • Collaboration • A skill that is desirable for success. Practice it! • Accountability • Your group is depending on you to become an expert! Be accountable! • Leadership • Lead by example. • Did you help out a struggling member? Did you ask for help if you needed it? • Other reasons… • You learn the best by teaching it! • You pay attention to your peers!

15. Reconstruction review • Republicans • Lincoln, Johnson • Amnesty to those who took oath of loyalty and accepted freedom for slaves. • Radical Republicans • Stevens, Sumner • 3 Main goals • Prevent Confederate leadership • Powerful Republicans in the South • Equality to African Americans

16. Reconstruction Review • Wade Davis Bill 1864 • Oath of Loyalty • Ratify 14th Amendment • After, state can create new government • Abolish Slavery • Reject debts acquired • Deprive former Confederate leaders the right to vote • Pocket Vetoed by Lincoln

17. Reconstruction Review • 1865 – Proclamation of Amnesty • Amnesty to Southerners • Except leaders and rich confederates • They had to personally ask Johnson • Repeal Secession, accept 13th Amendment • Many former leaders were elected to office • Initiated black codes

18. Reconstruction Review • Civil Rights Act 1866 • Response to Black Codes • Citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. • Allowed African Americans to own property • Enforcement Acts • Laid the groundwork for 14th Amendment • Johnson was against the amendment • Elections of 1866 • Established Radical Republican dominance in Congress

19. Reconstruction Review • 1867 Military Reconstruction Act • Overturned Johnson’s Reconstruction Programs • Divided Confederate states into 5 districts • Must re-write State Constitutions to include 13th and 14th amendments

20. Reconstruction Review • Tenure of Office Act • Congress feared that Johnson would not uphold MRA • Required Senate approval to remove any official that required Senate approval to appoint. • Johnson fires Sec. of War Stanton • Agreed with MRA • Congress votes for impeachment

21. Reconstruction Review • Johnson escapes impeachment by 1 vote • Stripped political legitimacy • Did not run for President in 1868 • Congress did not want to set a precedent • Ulysses S. Grant runs for office • Easily wins election • Troops in South oversee elections • 15th Amendment 1870 • Right to vote cannot be denied

22. Reconstruction Review • Grant was highly ineffective as President • Left policy making up to Congress • Promoted commerce and industry • High taxes, increased federal spending • Sin taxes • Pay off bonds—rich owned the bonds, poor paid the taxes • Republicans split • Thought economic programs benefited wealthy • Despite this, Grant stays in office

23. Reconstruction review • Whiskey Ring • Scandal involving Grant’s Secretary and distillers in St. Louis • Panic of 1863 • Bad railroad investments • Powerful banking firm Jay Cooke declares bankruptcy • Caused small banks to close and stock market to crash • Unemployment skyrocketed

24. Reconstruction Review • 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes wins presidency • Against Democrat Samuel Tilden • Neither won majority of electoral votes • Too much election fraud • Committee determined outcome of election • Compromise of 1877 • Southern Democrats agreed to outcome only if Republicans pulled troops out of the south

25. Reconstruction Review Reconstruction officially ends when Hayes pulls troops from the south