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Catalyst

Catalyst. Pick up white board and marker from front! Take out your catalyst sheet and answer the questions below using vocabulary word: What is the relationship between: Nitrogen–14 and Nitrogen-15? 2. What do the “14” and “15” stand for above? 3. What charge do ALL anions have?

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst • Pick up white board and marker from front! • Take out your catalyst sheet and answerthe questions below using vocabulary word: • What is the relationship between: • Nitrogen–14 and Nitrogen-15? • 2. What do the “14” and “15” stand for above? • 3. What charge do ALL anions have? • 4. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom for Pt.

  2. TRADE AND GRADE

  3. Catalyst • What is the relationship between: • Nitrogen–14 and Nitrogen-15? • They are Isotopes • 2. What do the “14” and “15” stand for above? Atomic Mass/Mass # • 3. What charge do ALL anions have? • A negative charge • 4. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom for Pt. • p = e = ; n =

  4. BIG GOAL

  5. Explosion! (3 MINUTES) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

  6. Explosion Questions • What is the scientific method? • What is a Law? • What is a theory? • How many feet are in a mile? • What is 212 degrees F in C? • What is the formula for density? • What is a chemical property? • What is a physical property? • What is the law of conservation of mass? • What is a Law? • What is a theory? • What is precision? • What is accuracy? • What is random error? • What is systematic error? • Why do we use lab coats and goggles in the lab? • Where can I find a fire extinguisher? • Who discovered the electron? • What are the three types of radiation? • Which particle is the biggest? • Which is the smallest? • Who is Ernest Rutherford? • Is the atomic mass or atomic number always bigger? • How do you find the number of neutrons? • What is an isotope?

  7. Electron shells:each energy level has a maximum amount of electrons it can hold!

  8. Atom Model of Tellerium, 54 electrons 1st energy level can hold 2! 2nd energy level can hold up to 8! 3rd energy level can hold up to 18! 4th energy level can hold up to 32 – notice that it is not filled all the way…that’s ok for now!

  9. Draw the atom model for… B Mg Ga

  10. Now you get to make an atom model for any element you want (must have anywhere from 11 – 17 protons) we will hang them up and then everyone will decide which atom you were making!

  11. Let’s look at Lithium, how many electrons does it need to lose have a full outer octet? 1 *Note: LESS electrons mean a +ve overall charge So it will form a +1 charge!

  12. Let’s look at Beryllium, how many electrons does it need to lose have a full outer octet? 2 So it will form a +2 charge!

  13. Let’s look at Oxygen, how many electrons does it need to have a full outer octet? 2 *Note: MORE electrons mean a -ve overall charge So it will form a -2 charge!

  14. Let’s look at Fluorine, how many electrons does it need to gain have a full outer octet? 1 So it will form a -1 charge!

  15. Oxidation numbers– atom charge that is favored (based on desire to become a noble gas! (ex. K+ Br-) (0) Alkali Metals; want to lose 1 electron to be like a noble gas! (+1) share! (-1) (+3) Want to gain 3(-3) (-2) Alkali Earth Metals: want to lose 2 electrons (+2)

  16. Calculate the number of p, n, and e- for the following: Selenium P = 34 N = 79 – 34 = 45 e- = 34 – (-2) = 36 Rubidium P = 37 N = 85 - 37= 48 e- = 37 – (+1) = 36 Krypton P = 36 N = 84 – 36 = 48 e- = 36 – (0) = 36

  17. Calculate the number of p, n, and e- for the following: Why does Krypton have a 0 charge? It already is stable with a full octet! Krypton P = 36 N = 84 – 36 = 48 e- = 36 – (0) = 36

  18. It is easy to calculate the oxidation numbers of Alkali Metals and Alkali Earth metals, but what about transition metals (in white) ? (0) Alkali Metals (+1) share! (-1) (+3) Want to gain 3(-3) (-2) Alkali Earth Metals (+2)

  19. Transition metals favor different oxidation numbers depending on who they are bonded to! We can calculate their oxidation numbers based on the compound they form! Ex. FeCl2 We know Cl has a charge of (-1) There are 2 Cl’s 2 x (-1) = -2 This means Fe must have a +2 charge to have a neutral compound!

  20. You try! What charge does Cobalt have in the compound: CoS? 1xS(-2) = -2; so Co must have +2 charge What charge does Zinc have in the compound: ZnF3? 3 x F(-1) = -3; so Zn must have +3 charge

  21. You try! What charge does each Silver have in the compound: Ag2S? 1xS(-2) = -2; so EACH Ag must have +1 charge What charge does Titanium have in the compound: Ti3P? 1 x P(-3) = -3; so EACH Ti must have +1 charge

  22. You try! What charge does each Tin have in the compound: Sn3N2? 2xN(-3) = -6; so EACH Ag must have +2 charge (-6/3 Sn) What charge does Gold have in the compound: Au2O3? 3 x O(-2) = -6; so EACH Au must have +3 charge (-6/2 Au)

  23. Polyatomic Ions:an ion that consists of many atoms – MUST MEMORIZE list BY FRIDAY! Pop Quiz on Friday! Must also know charge of them! (most are -1!) Only + charged ones are: Mercury (I), Hg22+ and Ammonium, NH4+

  24. Basic Rules of Naming 2 less O: prefix “hypo-”, ends in “-ite” Ex. Hypochlorite ClO- 1 less O: ends in “-ite” Ex. Chlorite ClO2- Basic: ends in “-ate” Ex. Chlorate, ClO3- 1 more O: prefix “per-”, ends in “-ate” Ex. Perchlorate ClO4- Base Polyatomic ions:Nitrate, NO3-Carbonate, CO32-Chlorate, ClO3-Sulfate, SO42-Phosphate, PO43-

  25. Identify the Polyatomic Ion! NaNO3 Nitrate KCN Cyanide H2O2 Peroxide Ca(OH)2 Hydroxide NH4Cl Ammonium Hg2(NO2)2 Mercury (I) and Nitrite

  26. Now let’s put it all together! Calculate the charge of the transition metal based on the charge of the polyatomic ion! Ex. Fe(NO3)2 We know NO3 has a charge of (-1) There are 2 NO3’s  2 x (-1) = -2 This means Fe must have a +2 charge to have a neutral compound!

  27. You try! What charge does each Silver have in the compound: AgClO4? 1xClO4 (-1) = -1; so Ag must have +1 charge What charge does Titanium have in the compound: Ti2CO3? 1x CO3 (-2) = -2; so EACH Ti must have +1 charge

  28. You try! What charge does each Lead have in the compound: Pb(CrO4)2? 2xCrO4 (-2) = -4; so Pb must have +4 charge What charge does Chromium have in the compound: Cr3(PO4)2? 2 x PO4(-3) = -6; so EACH Cr must have +2 charge: -6/3

  29. Catalyst • Take out PreLab work, Ms. Y will come around and check! • Take out your catalyst sheet and answerthe questions: • What charge does each Lead have in the compound: Pb(CrO4)2? • 2. What charge does Chromium have in the compound: Cr3(PO4)2? • 3. Name the Polyatomic Ions: OH-, MnO4-

  30. Catalyst • Take out your catalyst sheet and answerthe questions: • If you are using a buret to measure 34 mL of water, and you notice that 3 drops were stuck to the side (with a volume of 0.05mL each) what is the % error? • What is the charge for Zn(MnO4)2?

  31. TRADE AND GRADE

  32. Catalyst • If you are using a buret to measure 34 mL of water, and you notice that 3 drops were stuck to the side (with a volume of 0.05mL each) what is the % error? • 0.15mL/34 mL*100% = 0.40% • What is the charge for Zn(MnO4)2? • +2

  33. Catalyst • What charge does each Lead have in the compound: Pb(CrO4)2? +4 • 2. What charge does Chromium have in the compound: Cr3(PO4)2? +2 • 3. Name the Polyatomic Ions: OH-, MnO42- • Hydroxide, Permanganate

  34. BIG GOAL

  35. Explosion! (3 MINUTES) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

  36. Explosion Questions • What is the scientific method? • What is a Law? • What is a theory? • What is the formula for density? • What is a chemical property? • What is a physical property? • What is the law of conservation of mass? • What is precision? • What is accuracy? • What is random error? • What is systematic error? • Where can I find the fume hood? • Who discovered the electron? • What are the three types of radiation? • Which particle is the biggest? • Which is the smallest? • Who is Ernest Rutherford? • Is the atomic mass or atomic number always bigger? • What is the oxidation number for all Alkali Metals? • For all Halogens? • Why is it difficult to find the oxidation numbers for transition metals? • What is an isotope? • What is an ion? • What is a polyatomic ion? • What is the name for NO3? • What is the name for ClO3

  37. Naming Compounds!

  38. Naming Compounds flow chart!*Note: If it is a covalent compound – use prefixes! 1st word! 2nd word! Nonmetal Nonmetal Metal Poly Atomic Ion Poly Atomic Ion Element name, this is covalent! Ex. Dicarbon Element name ending in “-ide” Ex. Chlorine  Chloride Name of metal Ex. Sodium *Note: If a transition metal, add the charge in roman numerals! Ex. Iron (III) Polyatomic ion name Ex. Ammonium Name of Polyatomic ion Ex. Nitrate

  39. Prefixes:1- Mono (only use for 2nd element!)2- Di3- Tri4 – Tetra5 – Penta6 – Hexa7 – Hepta8 – Octa9 – Nona10 – Deka

  40. Now you get to make an atom model for any element you want (must have anywhere from 20 – 36 protons) we will hang them up and then everyone will decide which atom you were making!

  41. Identify the Compond Name! NaNO3 Sodium Nitrate KCl Potassium Chloride H2O Dihydrogen Monoxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide NH4Br Ammonium Bromide MgO Magnesium Oxide

  42. Identify the Compound name! CH4 Carbon Tetrahydride Na2O Sodium Oxide CoSe Cobalt (II) Selenide CrOH Chromium (I)Hydroxide Hg2S Mercury (I) Sulfide Sn(NCS)3 Tin (III) Thiocyanate

  43. Naming Acids!

  44. Yes Naming Compounds flow chart!*Note: If it is a covalent compound – use prefixes! Does the anion contain oxygen? Check the ending of the anion No -ite -ate Hydro- + anion root + -ic Hydro(anion root)ic acid Anion or element root + -ous (root)ousacid Anion or element root + -ic (root)ic acid

  45. PreLab as HW

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