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Understanding the Mole and Stoichiometry: A Guide to Moles and Gases at STP

This resource explores the concept of the mole as a bridge in stoichiometry, focusing on the relationship between moles, mass, and volume of gases at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. Learn how to calculate the volume of gas from moles, determine the mass of gases in specific volumes, and convert between different measurements using the mole as a bridge. Examples include calculating moles of oxygen in a sample and the mass of carbon dioxide gas.

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Understanding the Mole and Stoichiometry: A Guide to Moles and Gases at STP

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  1. Unit 5: The Mole and Stoichiometry Mole as a Bridge

  2. Moles and Gases • At standard temperature and pressure (STP) . . . • 1 mole of any gas will occupy the same volume as any other gas at the same temperature and pressure. • At STP (which is 0oC and 1 atm): • 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. • Therefore, 1 mole = 22.4 liters (of any gas at STP)

  3. Examples: • What is the volume of 0.0035 moles of CH4 at STP? 0.0035 moles 22.4 Liters 1 mole = 0.078 Liters CH4

  4. What is the number of moles of oxygen in an 85 Liter sample at STP? • What is the mass of 18 liters of carbon dioxide gas at STP? 85 Liters 1 mole = 3.8 moles 22.4 L 1 mole 18 Liters 44.01 g CO2 22.4 L 1 mole = 35 grams

  5. One Mole can equal 3 different things 1. 6.02 X 1023 atoms or molecules 2. The mass of any element or molecule in grams 3. 22.4 Liters ofany gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) • Since the mole can equal any one of these, it can also serve as a bridge to convert from one to another of them.

  6. Mole Mole as a Bridge Mass (Molar Mass) “÷” “x” “÷” “x” “x” “÷” Particles (6.02 x 1023) Volume (22.4L) • Going out of the Mole,MULTIPLY (top of T-chart) • Going into the Mole,DIVIDE (bottom of T-chart)

  7. Using the Mole as a Bridge Examples: • How many grams are there in 7.4 x 1023 molecules of AgNO3? 7.4 x 1023 molecules 169.87 g 1 mole AgNO3 6.02 x 1023 molecules 1 mole AgNO3 = 209 grams = 210 grams (sig figs!)

  8. Using the Mole as a Bridge Examples • How many molecules are there in 230 grams of CoCl2? 6.02 x 1023 molecules 230 g CoCl2 1 mole 129.83 g CoCl2 1 mole = 1.07 x 1024 molecules

  9. Using the Mole as a Bridge Examples • What is the volume of 150 grams of N2O gas at STP? 150 g N2O 1 mole 22.4 L 44.02 grams 1 mole = 76.3 Liters

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