1. The Elbow Anatomy

2. Joint Complex • Radio-ulnar – synovial pivot joint • Humero-ulnar – synovial modified hinge • Humero-radial – synovial modified hinge • Movements – flexion, extension, pronation and supination • Carrying angle in extension • Capsular Pattern –More loss of flexion than extension

3. Bones • Humerus –trochlea medially and capitulum laterally • Radius – radial head, radial tuberosity • Ulna – coronoid process, olecranon process

4. Ligaments • Collateral Ligaments – resist varus and valgus strain • MCL – med epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon process of ulna • LCL – lat epicondyle to annular lig • Annular Ligament – joins radius and ulna, stabilises radial head • Complex capsule – lax , all 3 joints, blends with annular lig and reinforced by MCL and LCL

5. Musculature • Brachioradialis – elbow flexor in mid pron • Inserts a long way distal to the joint it acts upon • Compresses elbow joint • Biceps – elbow flex and powerful sup from mid pron • Brachialis – most powerful elb flexor • Triceps – elbow ext • Anconeus – elbow ext and stabilises joint

6. Musculature – attached to common flexor origin • Pronator Teres • Flexor Carpi Radialis • Palmaris Longus • Flexor digitorum sup • Flexor carpi ulnaris

7. Musculature - attached to the common extensor origin • Ext Carpi Ulnaris • Ext dig minimi • Ext digitorum • Ext carpi radialis brev • Supinator • Ext carpi rad longus * does not attach

8. Bursa • Biceps Bursa • Olecranon Bursa

9. Neurology • Dermatomes C5/6 front of elbow • C7 back of elbow • Muscles C5 biceps and brachialis • C6 Pronator teres and supinator • C7 Triceps

10. Nerves • Median nerve – medial to biceps tendon • Ulnar Nerve – behind medial epicondyle • Radial nerve + post interosseous nerve – lateral to the biceps

11. Surface markings • Extensor carpi radialis longus origin • Radio-humeral joint line • Common extensor tendon • Common flexor tendon • The insertion of biceps