1. The Elbow Blessen Abraham Jainy James Naved Patel

2. The Primary Elbow Extensors & Flexors • Elbow flexors • Biceps brachii • Brachialis • Brachioradialis • Weak assistance from pronator teres • Elbow extensor • Triceps brachii • Anconeus provides assistance

3. What type of joint is the elbow? • The elbow is a Radioulnar joint • It is a pivot-type joint • The radial head rotates around the proximal • Distal radius rotates around distal ulna • The angular ligament maintains radial head in its joints

4. What is the degree of freedom for the elbow joint? • In supination it is 80 – 90 degree’s from neutral • In pronation its 70 – 90 degrees from neutral

5. Articulation of which bones make the elbow joint? • The elbow is made up of the humerus, ulna, & radius

6. Draw diagram representing all the movement of elbow joint and name the plane and axis of each movement. • All these movements take place in the saggital and frontal plane

7. In what plane does supination and pronation occur? • Supination & pronation take place in the sagittal and coronal plane

8. What is tennis elbow? • Tennis elbow is a common problem where the lateral epicondyle becomes painful and tender. Usually involving the extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on lateral epicondyle. It is also known as lateral epicondylitis and is associated with gripping & lifting activities

9. The ligaments of the elbow joint • Ulnar collateral ligament • Radial collateral ligament • Annular ligament

10. Normal ranges: • Elbow flexion (zero to 150 degrees) • Elbow Extension (150 degrees to zero) • Supination (zero to 80 or 90 degrees) • Pronation (zero to 80 or 90 degrees)

11. The ligament injured in hyperextension of the elbow joint is: • The ulnar collateral ligament

12. Elbow flexion is an example of • Third class lever because the biceps brachii applies force at the insertion of the radial tuberosity, the resistance is the center of gravity and the elbow as the axis.

13. The Biceps brachialis muscle is • The prime mover for flexion of the Elbow joint • The biceps brachialis pulls at the insertion of the radial tuberosity as shown in the previous slide.

14. Elbow Flexors

15. Biceps Brachii • Movement • Elbow Flexion [1, 2 ] • Forearm Supination [1, 2 ] • Shoulder • Flexion (Weak) [2 ] • Transverse Flexion (Weak) [2 ] • Attachments • Origin • Scapula • Supraglenoid Tuberosity [1 ] • Coracoid Process [2 ] • Insertion • Radius • Tubercle [1, 2 ] • Fascia of forearm • Bicipital Aponeurosis [1, 2 ]

16. Brachialis • Movement • Elbow Flexion • Attachments • Origin • Humerous (Anterior) • Insertion • Ulna Coronoid Process

17. Brachioradialis • Movement • Elbow Flexion • Attachments • Origin • Humerous • Lateral Condyle • Insertion • Radius (Lateral Distal) • Styloid Process

18. Elbow Extensors, Pronators and Supinators

19. Triceps Brachii • Movement • Elbow Extension [1, 2 , 3 ] • Shoulder • Extension [1 ] • Adduction [1 ] • Attachments • Origin • Scapula [1 ] • Infraglenoid Turbercle • Humerous (Posterior) • Superior to Radial Groove [2 ] • Inferior to Radial Groove [3 ] • Insertion • Ulna (Proximal Posterior) [1, 2 , 3 ] • Olecranon Process

20. Anconeous • Movement • Elbow Extension • Attachments • Origin • Humerus (Posterior) • Lateral condyle • Insertion • Ulna (Posterior, Proximal) • Olecranon

21. Pronator Teres • Movement • Pronation of forearm • Weak flexion of elbow • Attachments • Origin • Humerus (Distal) • medial condyloid ridge • Poximal Ulna (medial) • Insertion • Middle third of Radius (lateral)

22. Supinator • Movements • Supination of the Forearm • Attachments • Origin • Lateral epicondyle of humerus • Ulna (posterior) • Insertion • Proximal radius (lateral) surface below the head