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Understanding the Rising Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia and Syphilis

The increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including Chlamydia and Syphilis, pose significant health concerns, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Nearly 70% of Chlamydia cases are asymptomatic, making regular screening crucial for early detection and treatment. Enhanced awareness of prevention methods, safe sexual practices, and vaccination against HPV is essential in reducing these rates. Implementing effective educational campaigns and community programs can play a vital role in addressing the STD epidemic and promoting sexual health.

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Understanding the Rising Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia and Syphilis

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  1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Oak Schuetz Doak Covington Paige Mansfield

  2. Healthy People 2020: STDs1 GOAL IMPORTANCE: • STD rates generally increasing • Easily transmitted • Cancer causing • Life long problems

  3. STD Objectives 1 and 21 • STD-1:Reduce the proportion of adolescents and young adults with Chlamydia trachomatis infections • STD-2: Reduce Chlamydia rates among females aged 15 to 44 years

  4. STD-Chlamydia: Importance2 • Most common STD • 70% are asymptomatic • Incidence: 1,244,180 new cases in 2009 • Prevalence: 2.8 million infections • Decrease risky sexual behavior • Learn to use condoms correctly and consistently • People aren’t getting screened so it is increasing • Leads to infertility

  5. STD-Chlamydia: Review3 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSOMJtLqFbU

  6. STD-Chlamydia: Nationally4 • “Better than the best” • For Example: • Asian/Pacific Islander group had the “best” rate of 20 cases per 100,000 population • “GYT” • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

  7. STD-Chlamydia: Washington State5 • STD prevention counseling, testing, and referral services • Partner Services • Prevention for high-risk • School-based STD Prevention

  8. STD-Chlamydia: Whatcom County6 • 1988, chlamydia screening and treatment activities were initiated in Washington through a federally-funded Infertility Prevention Project.

  9. STD Objective 7.2 • Objective1 • STD-7.2: Reduce sustained domestic transmission of primary and secondary syphilis among males • Importance7 • Reemerging disease

  10. STD-7.2 Syphilis: Review • Contracting Syphilis8 • Primary Stage8 • Secondary Stage8 • Diagnosis8 • Treatment8,9

  11. STD-Syphilis: Nationally • 13,500 cases in 200811 • Mostly ages 20-29 • 13,970 reported primary or secondary infections for 201110 • 12,453 primary and secondary infections in males for 2011

  12. STD-Syphilis: Washington State • 151 male cases in 200912 • 261 male cases in 201012 • 322 males in 201110

  13. STD-Syphilis: Whatcom County • 0 reported cases in 2009 and 201012 • 3 reported cases in 201113

  14. STD-Syphilis: Amongst Males • Higher rates • Males accounted for majority of Local, State, Nation10,12 • “Not being tested each year”14 • New type of DNA test14 • Not enough funding14

  15. STD-Syphilis: Community Program in Los Angeles • Partner notificationi • Community Based Clinic serving men • Trained by local health department • Resultsi • 100% were notified in 2009 • 67% were notified before program

  16. STD Objective 9 • Reduce the proportion of females with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection1 • Importance: • Can lead to different cancers16,17 • Painful warts18 • Transmission to infants18 19

  17. STD-9 HPV: Review20 • Double stranded DNA Virus • Confined to the epithelium • Immune responses not always detected • 120 types • 40 mucosal/genital • High risk (types 16 &18) • Low risk (types 6 &11) • 80 cutaneous

  18. STD-9 HPV: Nationally20

  19. STD-9 HPV: Nationally • CDC Preteen and Teen Vaccination Communication Campaign21 • Goal • Screening Guidelines (2012)20 • 21-29 years: pap every 3 years • 30-65 years: • Cotesting (HPV & pap) every 5 years • Or pap alone every 3 years

  20. Vaccines: Recommendations: STD-9 HPV: Nationally20FDA licensed HPV vaccines & Recommendations • Quadrivalent (Gardasil) • Types 6, 11, 16, & 18 • Bivalent (Cervarix) • Types 16 & 18 • Females age 11 or 12, also age 13 to 26 • 3 doses (quad- or bi- valent) • Males age 11 or 12, also age 13 to 21 • 3 doses (quadvalent) • Gay, bisexual, & MSM • Receive vaccine through 26 yrs

  21. STD-9 HPV: Washington State20

  22. Sexually Transmitted Infections Annual Report (2010)22 Sexually Transmitted Fast Facts 201123 STD-9 HPV: Washington State • “common” but not “reportable to the health department” • Treatment Guidelines • Recommended rx • Dose/route • Alternatives • Multiple STIs • If left untreated • WA state stats • Cases and rates • HPV not mentioned

  23. STD-9 HPV: Whatcom County • Focus Report on Communicable Diseases24 • “…important but non-reportable STD…” • Fact Sheet18 • HPV introduction • Symptoms • Transmission • How to avoid infection • Phone number to contact

  24. STD-9 HPV: Whatcom County25 • Free Cancer Screenings • April 2012 • St Joseph Hospital • Oral, Neck and Head Cancers • “…partly due to increase in Humanpapilloma Virus.”

  25. STD-9 HPV: Whatcom County • Planned Parenthood26 • ASK • Train to expand knowledge of sexual health • Plan community activities • Resource for peers • WCPC27 • Relate • Healthy Relationships • Education on & Prevention of STDs

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