The Crucial Role of the American Homefront During WWII: Allies, Industries, and Social Change

1. Chapter 25 Section 1

2. Chapter 25 Objective Does American security depend upon the survival of it’s allies 25.1 How important was the homefront during WWII?

3. I America Joins the War Effort • Enlistment in Armed Forces skyrocket after PH • Still not enough to fight on both fronts • Pacific = Japanese • Europe= Germany & Italy • Sel. Serv. Institutes draft • GI (gov’t issued)= soldiers

4. B) Women in the Military • Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps • Perform tasks done by men for less pay and restricted in rank & benefits men had • Bill first ridiculed but eventually passed

5. C) Minorities in the Armed Forces • Minorities restricted to segregated neighborhoods & denied basic citizenship before war now question whether its their war to fight • Why fight for Dem in foreign nation when Dem doesn’t exist for them in this one

6. Af. Amer. lived and worked in segregated quarters & limited to non combat roles • Nat Amer. Navajo code talkers

7. II Life on the Home FrontA) Industrial Response • Gov’t and private industry work together to increase production of wartime materials • Auto plantsproduce tanks/planes • Textile plantsuniforms and other war material • Mobilization for war on every frontecon boom that takes us out of depression • Unemployment from 14.6 1.2%

8. B) Labor’s Contribution • Women answer call for increase in prod. • Were not welcomed at first but then were because they could do same job and be paid about 60% less than men • Minorities faced same plight

9. March on Wash. To protest against discrimination in workplace • FDR asks to stop protest but organizer would not budgeFDR issues exec. Order calling all federal employers and labor unions to not discriminate

10. C) Mobilization of Scientists • FDR creates Office of Scientific Research and Development • Improve radar, sonar, & Penicillin • Greatest achievement = Atomic bomb • Einstein warms US of German ability to split uranium atomFDR calls committee on Uranium to investigate • Offices located in NYCatomic program becomes known as Manhattan proj.

11. D) Changes in Entertainment • Warout of depressionppl have $$ to spend • Hollywood makes propaganda films but then shift to escapist films after American pop gets tired of prop. • Pop music also have patriotic spin but then shift to reflect lost love and loneliness Find song from early war reflecting patriotism and one from later period reflecting loss/loneliness **DUE FRIDAY**

12. III Federal Government Takes ControlA) Japanese Internment • PHcall for Japanese Amer. to evacuate Hawaii & W coast out of fear they are fighting on behalf of Japanese as spies • Atmosphere of suspicion and panichysteria • FDR signs order to remove ppl of Japanese ancestry • Sent to internment camps of whom 2/3s were Nisei, or Japanese Amer. born in US, and therefor citizens of US

13. B) Economic Controls • Need to control inflation from skyrocketing like it did during WWI • Incomes rise, prod. Of consumer goods decline, prices soar Office of Price Administration (OPA) • Freeze prices on goods • Raise income taxes & expand to include ppl who have never before paid taxes

14. Set up rationing= establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed necessary to war effort • Most accepted as their duty but some cheated by hoarding scarce goods and buying on black market for inflated prices

15. War Production Board (WPA) • Insured that the armed forces had the raw mat. Needed to win the war • Decided which factories & industries would be converted for war prod. • Allocated raw mat. To key industries • Organized nationwide drives to collect products deemed necessary to mil.