1. Chapter 25 Section 1 Organic Chemistry -study of compounds containing carbon hydrocarbons- organic compounds that only contain C and H *remember each carbon forms four bonds simple formula- shows the # and types of atoms structural formula- shows the #, type and arrangement of atoms molecular formula- shows the shapes of molecules

2. ex- C4H10 -can also write condensed structural formula a different way CH3(CH2)2CH3

3. Alkanes (end with –ane, simplest hydrocarbons, contain only single covalent bonds) # of C Prefix Simple Formula 1 meth- CH4 2 eth- C2H6 3 prop- C3H8 4 but- C4H10 5 pent- C5H12 6 hex- C6H14 7 hept- C7H16 8 oct- C8H18 9 non- C9H20 10 dec- C10H22

4. -all alkanes that are straight chains are named n-alkane (means normal) -look back at C4H10 example= n-butane

5. Branched Chain Alkanes -alkane group takes the place of a hydrogen atom -called a substituent alkyl group- hydrocarbon substituent -ends with –yl (take away -ane) -carbon contains one less H -look at # of C to name ex- CH3 = methyl C2H5 = ethyl

6. Naming Branched Chain Alkanes • Find the longest chain = parent molecule ex- heptane • # the C’s in the chain, making sure alkyl groups have lower numbers, can count backwards ex- 2,3,4 instead of 4,5,6 • Add #’s to names of alkyl groups, with a dash in between ex- 2-methyl 3-methyl 4-ethyl

7. Use prefixes to denote multiples of the same alkyl groups, commas between #’s ex- 2,3-dimethyl • Put alkyl groups in alphabetical order ignoring prefixes ex- 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl • **Use proper punctuation -commas separate #’s -hyphens separate #’s and letters -no spaces

8. Add parent chain name ex- 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane *Remember prefixes* 2 = di- 3 = tri- 4 = tetra- 5 = penta- 6 = hexa- 7 = hepta- 8 = octa- 9 = nona- 10 = deca-

9. Drawing Structural Formula From Name • Find parent chain and draw • # C’s on parent chain • Identify substituents and attach to proper C • Add hydrogen as needed Try These!! • 3-ethylhexane • 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3) 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane