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Naming and Drawing Alkanes: A Guide to Organic Chemistry Formulas

Learn to name and draw alkanes in organic chemistry. Understand prefixes, chain structures, and rules for naming straight and branched alkanes. Practice drawing structural formulas accurately.

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Naming and Drawing Alkanes: A Guide to Organic Chemistry Formulas

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  1. Chapter 25 Section 1 Organic Chemistry -study of compounds containing carbon hydrocarbons- organic compounds that only contain C and H *remember each carbon forms four bonds simple formula- shows the # and types of atoms structural formula- shows the #, type and arrangement of atoms molecular formula- shows the shapes of molecules

  2. ex- C4H10 -can also write condensed structural formula a different way CH3(CH2)2CH3

  3. Alkanes (end with –ane, simplest hydrocarbons, contain only single covalent bonds) # of C Prefix Simple Formula 1 meth- CH4 2 eth- C2H6 3 prop- C3H8 4 but- C4H10 5 pent- C5H12 6 hex- C6H14 7 hept- C7H16 8 oct- C8H18 9 non- C9H20 10 dec- C10H22

  4. -all alkanes that are straight chains are named n-alkane (means normal) -look back at C4H10 example= n-butane

  5. Branched Chain Alkanes -alkane group takes the place of a hydrogen atom -called a substituent alkyl group- hydrocarbon substituent -ends with –yl (take away -ane) -carbon contains one less H -look at # of C to name ex- CH3 = methyl C2H5 = ethyl

  6. Naming Branched Chain Alkanes • Find the longest chain = parent molecule ex- heptane • # the C’s in the chain, making sure alkyl groups have lower numbers, can count backwards ex- 2,3,4 instead of 4,5,6 • Add #’s to names of alkyl groups, with a dash in between ex- 2-methyl 3-methyl 4-ethyl

  7. Use prefixes to denote multiples of the same alkyl groups, commas between #’s ex- 2,3-dimethyl • Put alkyl groups in alphabetical order ignoring prefixes ex- 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl • **Use proper punctuation -commas separate #’s -hyphens separate #’s and letters -no spaces

  8. Add parent chain name ex- 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane *Remember prefixes* 2 = di- 3 = tri- 4 = tetra- 5 = penta- 6 = hexa- 7 = hepta- 8 = octa- 9 = nona- 10 = deca-

  9. Drawing Structural Formula From Name • Find parent chain and draw • # C’s on parent chain • Identify substituents and attach to proper C • Add hydrogen as needed Try These!! • 3-ethylhexane • 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3) 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethyloctane

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