1. Chapter 25 section 5 By: Autumn Thomas

2. Trade Issues • Balance of Trades- China favored this because it mean that you export more than you import. • Trade deficit between China and the West- They bought more than they sold. (China) • 1796- Request to increase British trade, but Chinese emperor said the China and the West didn’t need it. • Late 1700’s- China changes, declining and Industrial Revolution created the need to expand the Markets. • Gave military power, backing the demand for goods.

3. China’s role in the Opium war • Late 1700’s- Britain starts to trade Opium with China. • Not to much later, Many Chinese are addicted to Opium. • Chinese government bans Opium, but Britain refuses to stop trading it. Claiming the right to free trade. • Soon, the two clash, starting the Opium war. • China loses because of their outdated weapons and military tactics.

4. Unequal Treaties • 1842- China is forced to accept Britain’s Treaty of Nanjing. This started a series of “Unequal treaties” • These many different treaties made China give up its Western powers. • Britain gains indemnity, or huge amounts of money for payments for losses during the war. • British citizens living in China, have rights to extraterritoriality, meaning they could live under their own laws, and be tried in their own courts. • Not much later, Britain stated that whatever rights China got, Britain also gained.

5. Internal Pressures • 1800-Qing dynasty starts to slowly decline. • They face many issues in the dynasty, such as Flooding, due to the poorly maintained Irrigation systems and canals. • Many issues were cause by the population explosion a century before. Many peasants had horrible living conditions. Widespread corruption, tax evasion, added to the peasants issues. • A rebellion by peasants, called The Taiping Rebellion, which lasted from 1850-1864.This was considered the most devastating revolt for peasants ever. • The leader of the rebellion, Hong Xiuquan, wanted to have a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” • He endorsed radical ideas such as: land reform, equality of women and men, community ownership of property, and strict morality. • Due to pressures, Russia seizes lands in Northern China.