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The Crusades: Religious Wars and Their Impact on Trade and Society in Medieval Europe

The Crusades were a series of religious wars called by Pope Urban II in 1095, aimed at recapturing Jerusalem, a holy city for Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Spurred by the Byzantine Empire’s request for help against Muslim Turks, these conflicts led to significant trade growth between Europe and the Middle East, introducing new goods such as silk, spices, and coffee. Additionally, the Crusades fostered a rise in intolerance, resulting in the persecution of Jews and Muslims. The period also saw the emergence of a merchant class and changes in art, leading to developments like Gothic architecture.

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The Crusades: Religious Wars and Their Impact on Trade and Society in Medieval Europe

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  1. Post Classical Civilizations: The Crusades

  2. The Crusades • Christians and Jews saw Jerusalem as a “holy city” • So did the Muslims

  3. The Call to Free the Holy Land • The Byzantine Empire wanted help in kicking the Muslim Turks out • 1095- Pope Urban II calls for the Crusades to recapture the Holy Land • The Church promised salvation to all who participated.

  4. The Effects of the Crusades • Math • Silk • Rice • Spices • Coffee • Perfumes • Cotton cloth • Raisins • Glass mirrors New Ideas and Products

  5. The Effects of the Crusades • Increased Trade • Europeans demanded foreign goods • Led to trade with Middle East and Asia • Growth of Intolerance • Led to the Christian persecution of Jews and Muslims

  6. The Later Middle Ages • Europe underwent gradual change. • With an increase in trade, a new merchant class rose. • Merchants and craftsmen organized into powerful associations known as guilds.

  7. The Later Middle Ages • Saw the introduction of a new art style. • First Gothic church was built in France in 1231. • It had pointed arches, high spires, and stained glass windows

  8. English Political Traditions • Magna Carta • King John was forced to sign an agreement promising not to take away any free man’s property or to imprison any free man without following procedures established by the law. • Guaranteed all free men the right to a trial by jury. • LIMITED THE POWER OF THE MONARCHY (KING)

  9. English Political Traditions • Parliament • Later English kings summoned nobles and representatives of the towns to grant them new taxes • Led to the origins of Parliament

  10. Notebook Assignment • Look up pictures of the Greek Parthenon and Chartres Cathedral. • What characteristics make these two buildings alike? How are they different?

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