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Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter. Breakdown of Matter. Matter can be classified into…. Pure Substances A sample of matter, either an element or a compound , that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite composition. . Pure Substances. Elements:

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Classification of Matter

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  1. Classification of Matter

  2. Breakdown of Matter

  3. Matter can be classified into… • Pure Substances • A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with definite physical and chemical properties and a definite composition.

  4. Pure Substances Elements: • simplest form of pure substance. • They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means (one type of atom) • Ex: iron (Fe), gold (Au) Compounds: • pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements. • They can be broken into simpler substances ONLY by chemical means • Ex: salt (NaCl), water (H2O)

  5. Matter can be classified into….. • Mixtures • two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties. Heterogeneous Mixture: not uniform in composition; Youcan see the different parts; Ex: oil and water, concrete, blood, pizza, sand in water Homogeneous Mixture: also called solution; uniform in composition; no visible parts; Ex: vinegar, clear air, salt water, brass

  6. Physical Separation Techniques • Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper • Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

  7. Physical Separation Techniques • Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom • Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

  8. Physical Separation Techniques • Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

  9. States of Matter Solid Liquid • definite volume • indefinite shape • atoms are close together • atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow • definite volume • definite shape • atoms are packed together in fixed positions • strong attractive forces between atoms • only vibrate in place Gas • indefinite volume and shape • atoms move quickly • atoms are far apart • weak attractive forces • vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature.

  10. change in a substance that doesn’t change the identity of the substance Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another) Physical Changes in Matter

  11. Changes of State

  12. Chemical Changes in Matter • a change in which a substance is converted into a different substance • Reactants = Products • doesn’t change the amount of matter present (According to the law of conservation of mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is conserved.)

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