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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Installing a Physical Network (LAN) in Medium to Large Organizations. Structured Cabling. A set of standards Established by EIA/TIA Specifying how to install communication infrastructure (e.g., physical network) in medium to large organization

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Installing a Physical Network (LAN) in Medium to Large Organizations

  2. Structured Cabling • A set of standards • Established by EIA/TIA • Specifying how to install communication infrastructure (e.g., physical network) in medium to large organization • Structured Cabling Certifications (by BICSI)

  3. Which network technology? • To build LAN: • Ethernet • XBaseT • Why notXBaseF? • Why not wireless?

  4. Standardized elements in the network Horizontal Cabling Working Area Telecommunication (Equipment ) Room

  5. Standardized elements in the network • Telecommunication (Equipment) room (MDF/IDF) • Containing central wiring devices (Hubs, Switches, Routers) • All cables concentrate in this room

  6. Standardized elements in the network • Horizontal cabling (wiring) • Cables (usually running vertical in the walls or horizontal in the ceilings) from the equipment room to the work area • A single horizontal cable is called “run”

  7. Standardized elements in the network • Work area • Containing nodes (computers) connected to the network • Work area is the area where USERS can use computers to access resources available in the network

  8. Horizontal Cabling (Wiring) • Most popular cable: UTP (Why?) • Maximum length: 90 meters (Why not 100 meters? See Work Area slide)

  9. Horizontal Cabling (Wiring) • Which UTP should we use? • CAT Rating: Use the highest CAT Rating you can afford • Solid Core versus Stranded Core: Use Solid Core cable • Solid Core: • Each wire is a single solid wire • Better conductor than the Stranded Core • Stiffer than the Stranded Core (more difficult to twist around) • Easier to break than the Stranded Core • Stranded Core: • Each wire is a bundle of tiny wire strands • Worse conductor than the Solid Core • More flexible than the Solid Core (easier to twist around) • More difficult to break than the Solid Core • Two Pairs (unpopular) versus Four Pairs (popular): Use Four Pair cable • Fire Rating: Use Riser or Plenum, never PVC

  10. Equipment Room (Intermediate Distribution Frame/IDF) • Organizing equipments: • Equipment Racks: • Holding various networking hardware devices, including Patch Panels • Standard width: 19 inches • Height measurement unit: U (1 U = 1.75 inches) • 1U devices, 2U devices, 3U devices

  11. Equipment Room • Organizing equipments: • Patch Panel • CAT Rating (match it with your cable) • A row of ports (RJ-45) in the front to connect to the Patch Cable going into hub, switch, or router • Permanent connection (110 punchdown block) in the back to connect the Horizontal Cabling • Why do we use Patch Panel? Why don’t we connect the Horizontal Cabling directly to the hub, switch, or router? • Rearranging the cables connected to hub, switch, or router is not uncommon. Horizontal Cable is easy to break during rearrangement (Why? Solid core UTP). To prevent Horizontal Cable from being moved, it is connected to Patch Panel that is connected to the hub, switch, or router by using Patch Cable. Rearranging the cables can now be done without moving Horizontal Cable (by rearranging the Patch Cable connected to hub, switch, or router). • Patch Cable • A short UTP cable • Stranded cable (NOT solid cable) • Having reinforced RJ-45 to handle frequent insertions and removals • Connecting the Patch Panel to a hub, switch, or router • Connecting a computer to a wall outlet

  12. Equipment Rack

  13. Patch Panel

  14. Patch Panel

  15. Work Area • Containing RJ-45 wall connector (wall jack, wall outlet) • CAT Rating • Patch cable (short, stranded UTP cable) is also used to connect a node to the wall connector • Patch cable can be up to 10 meters only (Horizontal Cabling: 90 meters + Patch cable: 10 meters = 100 meters = the maximum length for the cable connecting a node to a hub for 10BaseT, 100BaseTX, 1000BaseT)

  16. Demarc and MDF • Demarc: • The physical location at which the LAN is connected to the outside world (e.g., the Internet) • MDF: • The room within which the demarc is located • IDF: • The room where switches connecting MDF and work areas are located

  17. Demarc and MDF • Vertical cross connect: • A part of a network backbone that connects different building floors (IDFs) • TIA/EIA-568-A specifies four types of cables for backbone cabling (e.g., connecting MDF to IDFs): • 100 Ω UTP • 62.5/125 µ optical fiber • Single-mode optical fiber • 150 Ω STP-A (not recommended)

  18. Planning the Networking Cabling Installation • Make decision: Running the runs INSIDE the walls (preferable), or OUTSIDE the wall (e.g., use RACEWAY) • Make decision: The location of the equipment room (floor plan) • Distance: <= 90 meters from ALL drops • Power: enough power, backup power and power stabilizer (UPS; battery) • Dry: low humidity • Cool: air conditioned • Access: • Easy access to authorized people maintaining and troubleshooting the networking cabling • No access to unauthorized people • Expandability: Does the room has enough space for new networking devices? Is the room close enough to rooms potential to have new drops?

  19. Raceway for Outside the Wall Cabling

  20. Planning the Networking Cabling Installation

  21. Cable Tray

  22. Organizing the cable

  23. Organizing the cable

  24. Labeling the Cable • You can use: • EIA/TIA 606labeling scheme • Your own labeling scheme • Labeling a cable aims to help identify the two ends of a cable (one end in the Equipment Room and the other end in the Work Area) • Label the patch panel,the outlet/jackin the work area, and horizontal cablein a ceiling/wall if possible

  25. Youtube.com videos Structured cabling: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey_DCXT9800 • Example of real world wiring standard Patch panel: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--MrdYsiPB8 MDF/IDF tour: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-1e_uEkg3M

  26. Testing the Cable • Cable tester • Continuity tester • Continuity: the cable is not broken, the signal can travel from one end of the cable to the other end without any problem • Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) • More than just continuity tester (e.g., telling where the break is located, telling the length of the cable)

  27. Testing the Cable • Cable tester • Cable certifier (more capabilities than TDR) • Crosstalk: signal travels in one cable creates undesired effect in the other cable • NEXT test: near end crosstalk test • FEXT test: far end crosstalk test

  28. Testing the Cable • Cable tester • Toner • Tracing cable • Tone generator: sending an electrical signal into the cable • Tone probe: sensing the electrical signal sent by the tone generator

  29. Testing the Cable • Cable tester • Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) • Fiber optic cable tester • Testing dispersion: “attenuation” for fiber optic cable • Testing light leakage: the light escaping the fiber optic cable because of bending

  30. Youtube.com videos TDR: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nR8TtaLuFZE&feature=related Cable/networking device tester: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C3mxcNWxhE Tone generator/tone probe: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jP0AtN9hTP4&NR=1 Cable certifier: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo_T6g7OynA&p=A7291A15F80F0686&playnext=1&index=2 OTDR: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McqDd45xuE0

  31. NIC • NIC defines the network technology • To use 100BaseT, use 100BaseT NIC • To use 1000BaseT, use 1000BaseT NIC • To use WiFi, use WiFi NIC • Expansion slot NIC versus USB NIC • Expansion slot NIC • Expansion slot standards (PCI, PCI Express) PCI Express Connector

  32. NIC • How to install NIC? Step 1. Insert the NIC into the expansion slot Step 2. Install the driver of the NIC • What is a “driver”?

  33. NIC • Troubleshooting NIC • Link light: • Steady light • “ON” when connected to a hub, a switch, a router • Activity light: • Flickering light • “ON” when there is an incoming/outgoing traffic • Collision light (rare): • “ON” when there is a collision

  34. NIC • Troubleshooting NIC • Loopback test: • Diagnostic software and a loopback plug (see page 127) • Sending and receiving a signal by using the NIC • Testing if the NIC is able to send and receive a signal properly

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