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DENSITY

Learn about the relationship between mass, volume, and density of materials. Discover how to calculate density and solve density-related problems.

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DENSITY

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  1. DENSITY

  2. Mass and volume are different properties of matter, but they are related. • Imagine a solid block of wood and a solid block of steel • Can they have the same volume? • Same / Different masses? • Can any of them float / sink? • They can have the same volume, but they would not have the same mass • The wood block floats in water and the steel block sinks • Whether an object floats or sinks is related to the object’s density

  3. density - the mass per unit volume of a given material. Units for density are often expressed as g/mL, g/cm3, or kg/m3 • Density describes how much mass is in a given volume of a material.

  4. Liquids and gases are matter, therefore, they have density. • Density units can be expressed as g/cm3, g/mL, or kg/m3. • You will typically express density in units of grams per milliliter (g/mL).

  5. Density of some common materials.

  6. Density of a material is the same no matter what the size or shape of the material • Density is a property of material that is independent of quantity or shape. • The density of a liquid is usually a little less than the density of the same material in solid form. • Water is an exception to this rule. The density of solid water, or ice, is less than the density of liquid water.

  7. When water molecules freeze into ice crystals, they form a pattern that has an unusually large amount of empty space. • The water molecules in ice are actually farther apart than they are in liquid water. • Because of this, ice floats in liquid water.

  8. Determining density • To find the density of a material, you need to know the mass and volume of a sample of the material. You can calculate density using the formula below. • Density gives us information about how tightly the atoms or molecules of a particular material are “packed.”

  9. Solving Problems: Calculating Density

  10. Practice Time Together • The density of granite is about 2.60 g/cm3. How much mass would a solid piece of granite have that measures 2.00 cm × 2.00 cm × 3.00 cm?

  11. Look at on the right. A student measures the mass of five steel hex nuts to be 96.2 g. The hex nuts displace 13 mL of water. Calculate the density of the steel in the hex nuts.

  12. Ice has a density of about 0.920 g/cm3. What is the volume of 100.0 g of ice?

  13. ANSWERS

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