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Synthesis

Brainstorm for PPO options. Resources. Methods. OT conc. Belt. add safety. Lock-up a set of options into an alternative:. OT steel. Bridge. welding sup. Baseline Alternative. Finish-Start. Add Soffit. 3+weld crew. Test options with intra-disciplinary applications:.

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Synthesis

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  1. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmanted, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planResearch Approach:how integrative synthesis supports decision briefing and analysis

  2. Generalize • The integration of heterogeneous options/ alternatives with heterogeneous information to support AEC decision-making tasks (DEEP) • Such heterogeneous options/alternatives may be product (belt/bridge), process (OT/no OT), or organization (additional welding/original team) • Such heterogeneous information are decision factors, which may include: functional requirements, cost, duration, precedence relationships, etc.

  3. Contribution • An extensible schema/relationship structure, which integrates options with decision factors. • An interactive decision network, which represents and interlinks multiple types of information to support AEC decision-making tasks (e.g., to query decision factors, manipulate options, and select alternatives). • A CPM Gantt chart represents 1 information type for 1 option • A project curve represents 2 information types for 1 option • A 4D model represents 2 information types for 1 option • A decision network has the potential to embody multiple information types (e.g., time, cost, organization, linkage to 3D objects, etc.) for multiple options

  4. Evidence • Degree of integration (in briefings—descriptions and explanations) a higher degree of integration would allow decision makers to describe and explain integrated decision factors more quickly and comprehensively. • Degree of flexibility and extensibility (in evaluations) a higher degree of flexibility and extensibility would allow decision makers to evaluate more decision alternatives informatively with appropriate foci. • Degree of repeatability (in predictions/re-evaluations) a higher degree of repeatability and responsiveness in handling new decision criterions would allow decision makers to quickly incorporate performance predictions, evaluate new decision criterions, and iteratively unlock/lock options.

  5. How to generate a PPO proposal? Based on the best available knowledge and criteria at the time Does the alternative meet the functional requirements? Decision criteria? What are the appropriate duration, unit rates, network logic, supervisor? How to effectively present the alternative proposals to the decision makers? Decision Plan Planning Synthesis Briefing Analysis What-if? What if we relax the functional requirements, refine the decision criteria? Can the project team generate other creative alternatives? AEC Decision-Making Process in Selecting Project Alternatives iterative, multilateral, alternatives, creativity while influence level is relatively high

  6. 3/11/02 GC Laydown and Access Concrete Sub Steel Sub Rebar Carpenter Erector Welder lower level parking $ 733k retail steel $ 657k Total $ 13,069k (-0.2%) • Risk Issues • Low coordination risk in baseline schedule, on time and on budget Background Case—Product, Process, Organization, Cost, and the Issues

  7. Unforeseen Site Condition—Contaminated Soil, Native Indian Remains

  8. 5/13/02 GC Owner Laydown and Access Concrete Sub Steel Sub Rebar Carpenter Erector Welder +54D +56D lower level parking $ 733k retail steel $ 657k Total $ 13,171k (+0.5%) • Risk Issues • The project would miss the turnover deadlines and the retail business window • The owner requested the GC to come up with acceleration proposals for an OAC meeting 2-Month Delay and its Impact

  9. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Laydown and Access Concrete Sub Steel Sub Welding Sup Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 How much can we accelerate by additional formwork and overtime work? How much can we accelerate by overtime and multiple welding team? lower level parking $ ???k(+??%) retail steel $ ???k(+??%) Total $ ??,???k (+??%) • Risk issues/Uncertainty associated with the alternative • High risk—concerns about production by the fabricator • High risk—the impact of overtime work on productivity and rework Planning—How to accelerate?

  10. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : fragmanted options with intra-disciplinary predictions • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  11. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Group Responsible: Intra-disciplinary professionals, knowledgeable about their niche ** steel/concrete sub, scheduler, estimator** Product Option: Acquiring additional soffit forming material ** 3D models in ADT and CPT-4D** Process Option: Shortening task duration with overtime work in steel erection, concrete reinforcement, etc. ** MSP ** Organization Option: Bringing additional teams and supervisors for welding and coordination ** SV ** These intra-disciplinary applications do not incorporate P/P/O options. The model either represent one option or the other option. The testing of different combinations of intra-disciplinary options requires the generation of different models, which are discrete and unrelated with one another Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Fragmanted options with intra-disciplinary predictions • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  12. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Laydown and Access Concrete Sub Steel Sub Welding Sup Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 +8D Concrete acceleration reduce duration from 116D to 103D in lower parking area +7D Steel acceleration reduces duration from 68D to 51D in retail area lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 715k(+8.8%) Total $ 13,649k (+4.2%) • Risk Issues • what is the impact to the steel erection supply chain? • how will overtime work affect coordination? productivity? and rework? • does the change order meet schedule and budget criteria? In order to brief (describe and explain) the proposal to the decision makers…

  13. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : The coupling stage based on best available decision criteria • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  14. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Group Responsible: Inter-disciplinary professionals ** project executive ** Integration: generate a coherent inter-disciplinary package for the selected combination of options ** Excel, 4D, MSP, SV, ADT ** Decision Criteria: ** Aiming for on-time completion ** In preparation for the OAC review meeting, the project executive filtered the many options into an alternative based on the best available decision criteria “change the dials once at a time” “ paired comparison” “7+/-2” There is a limit of the simultaneous Information-handling capacity of the decision makers Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : The coupling stage based on best available decision criteria • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  15. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Group Responsible: decision makers ** owner’s representatives ** decision facilitators ** project executive ** Descriptive questions: Where is the laydown area? What is the predecessor of retail steel work? What is the cost implication of the acceleration alternative? How much time can it buy back? Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Descriptive tasks: What …? When …? Who …? How much …? • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  16. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Descriptive tasks: What …? When …? Who …? How much …? • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  17. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Descriptive tasks: What …? When …? Who …? How much …? • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  18. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Group Responsible: decision makers ** owner’s representatives ** decision facilitators ** project executive ** Explanative questions: How does overtime work impact the change order cost? Why is there an idle time between the completion of retail slab-on-grade and retail steel erection? Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Explanative tasks: Why …? How …? • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  19. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup pre-set combination of options iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : High-level evaluation of alternatives with fixed options • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  20. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis on-time? on budget? acceptable risk level? satisfactory performance level? Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : High-level evaluation of alternatives with fixed options • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  21. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Laydown and Access Concrete Sub Steel Sub Welding Sup Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 +8D Relax Parking Turnover Constraint +7D lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 715k(+8.8%) Total $ 13,649k (+4.2%) • Risk Issues • what is the impact to the steel erection supply chain? • how will overtime work affect coordination? productivity? and rework? • does the change order meet schedule and budget criteria? Upon decision evaluation, the owners refined their functional requirements

  22. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Concrete Sub Steel Sub Concrete Belt? Welding Sup Connector Bridge? Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 +??D +??D Concurrent  coordination means, cost, and time +??D How much float will be available lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 715k(+8.8%) coordination $ ??k (extra) Total $ ??,???k (+4.5%) • Risk Issues • what is the impact to the steel erection supply chain? how will overtime work affect coordination? productivity? and rework? • how to provide access to the parking area? Predictions—What if steel erection has a concurrent relationship with lower parking?

  23. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Acceleration Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Acceleration Alternative Planning What if: one changes the precedence relationship? From FS to SS? there is no overtime work? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : Available alternative is coupled; what-if requires re-integration • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  24. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan : New combinations of options generated anew, re-integrate, re-DEEP • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-plan

  25. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Concrete Sub Steel Sub Concrete Belt? Welding Sup Connector Bridge? Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 +20D +36D Concurrent  coordination means, cost, and time +20D Float Available lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 715k(+8.8%) coordination $ 50k (extra) Total $ 13,700k (+4.5%) • Risk Issues • what is the impact to the steel erection supply chain? how will overtime work affect coordination? productivity? and rework? • how to provide access to the parking area? Predictions—What if steel erection has a concurrent relationship with lower parking?

  26. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Concrete Sub Steel Sub Concrete Belt? Welding Sup Connector Bridge? Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector OT Welding Team 1, 2, 3 +20D +36D How to minimize parking delay? +20D How to minimize cost and coordination risk? lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 715k(+8.8%) coordination $ 50k (extra) Total $ 13,700k (+4.5%) • Risk Issues • what is the impact to the steel erection supply chain? how will overtime work affect coordination? productivity? and rework? • how to provide access to the parking area? Predictions—What if steel erection has a concurrent relationship with lower parking?

  27. Additional Soffit Forming Material GC Owner Concrete Sub Steel Sub Connector Bridge Rebar OT Carpenter OT Erector Welder +22D How to minimize parking delay? Acceptable ! 17 additional days with no overtime or extra welding teams Utilize the float for bridge construction lower level parking $ 748k(+2.0%) retail steel $ 657k coordination $ 20k (lower) Total $ 13,612k (+3.9%) • Risk Issues • bear lower risks for steel erection supply chain, overtime work, coordination, productivity, and rework • float allow connector bridge to accelerate at a lower cost What-if predictions and re-evaluation

  28. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planinclude decision options (both high and detail levels)

  29. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planinclude decision options (both high and detail levels)

  30. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planXML schema—hierarchically integrate heterogeneous project data

  31. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planGenerate an interactive decision network based on the inputs

  32. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew iRoom event Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planInteractive output allows one to describe with iRoom apps

  33. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Explicitly register the concerns Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planInteractive output allows one to explain/record rationales

  34. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planEvaluation of performance metrics at different decision nodes

  35. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Directly add/edit/delete relationships, de/activate options, or change attributes in the decision network Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planDecision focus for decoupling or manipulating options

  36. Brainstorm for PPO options Resources Methods OT conc. Belt add safety Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: OT steel Bridge welding sup Baseline Alternative Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Brainstorm for PPO options Process Product Org. OT conc. Belt add safety Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Describe and explain: Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource OT steel Bridge welding sup iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Alternative iRoom highlight Functional require. Concurrent Add Soffit 3+weld crew Brainstorm for PPO options explain What-if? explain What-if? Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: OT conc. Belt add safety Process Product Org. Briefing Analysis Briefing Analysis OT steel Bridge welding sup Cost Resource Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew Lock-up a set of options into an alternative: Planning Acceleration Alternative Test options with intra-disciplinary applications: Process Product Org. Cost Resource Synthesis Planning Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planCurrent Process:fragmented, sequential, inflexible • XML data files • CIFE applications • iRoom infrastructure Brainstorm for PPO options Describe and explain: OT conc. Belt add safety iRoom highlight OT steel Bridge welding sup PPO Option data, functional requirements Decision Network Alternatives Courses explain Finish-Start Add Soffit 3+weld crew hierarchically represent, centrally integrate, and automatically propagate Briefing Process Product Org. Macro Production Plan Query Test new criteria Evaluate and predict: Cost Resource Functional require. What-if? • Hierarchical PPO object concept • XML schema for AEC alternatives Planning Analysis Planning | Synthesis | Briefing | Analysis | Decision or Re-planImplication: a coherent macro network helps production planning

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