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Hypothalamus and Pituitary Function

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Function. Chemistry CLS415 Didactics Module 1 Introduction to Endocrinology: Basic Concepts. Define the following terms: Hormone Target organ Endocrine system List the major endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete

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Hypothalamus and Pituitary Function

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  1. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Function Chemistry CLS415 Didactics Module 1 Introduction to Endocrinology: Basic Concepts

  2. Define the following terms: Hormone Target organ Endocrine system List the major endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete Describe the action of hormones in terms of their: Regulatory and physiologic functions Morphologic action Integrative action Exocrine system Receptors Objectives:

  3. What is Endocrinology? Study of intracellular and extracellular communication by hormones of the endocrine system

  4. Transmission of Information • Occurs through several systems or networks • Nervous System • Immune System • Hormonal System • Others • Endocrine system is controlled by its linkage with CNS through hypothalamus and pituitary glands

  5. The Endocrine System • A ‘fine-tuned’ communication system • Maintains cellular homeostasis • Body metabolism • Growth and development • Reproduction

  6. Major Endocrine Glands

  7. Hypothalamus

  8. What are Hormones? • Chemical messengers • Interact with target organs by specific receptors • Illicit biologic response • Different modes of transport and action • Example: Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine Autocrine Juxtacrine Neuroendocrine Neurocrine Neurotransmission

  9. Endocrine vs Exocrine Pancreas: insulin Pancreas: amylase & lipase

  10. Hypothalamus Act on anterior pituitary gland • Releasing Hormones (factors) • Inhibiting Hormones (factors) • Produce ADH and Oxytocin Release Tropic Hormones Stored in posterior pituitary gland

  11. Stimulating (tropic) Hormones Stimulating =tropin= trophic = tropic Stimulating hormones are specific to a particular target organ or target cell

  12. Stimulating (tropic) Hormones Gonadotropin:stimulates the gonads Target gland = testes and ovaries Thyrotropin:stimulates the thyroid Target gland = thyroid gland ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone: stimulates the adrenal gland Target gland = adrenal cortex

  13. Stimulating (tropic) Hormones • Stimulating hormones interact with their target glands through receptors • Membrane receptors: • Located on the cell membrane • Interact with protein-type hormones • Cytoplasmic receptors: • Located in the cytoplasm of the cell • Interact with steroid-type hormones

  14. Table, page 2 of handout tropic hormones

  15. Pituitary Gland (hypophysis) Posterior pituitary Anterior pituitary

  16. Table, page 2 of handout

  17. Table, page 2 of handout

  18. Table, page 2 of handout

  19. Table, page 2 of handout

  20. Regulatory and Physiologic Functions • Electrolyte and water balance • Aldosterone: Na+ (and K+, H+) • ADH: water reabsorption • Storage and use of nutrients • Insulin: carbohydrate (glucose) regulation • Cortisol: carbohydrate, protein, lipid

  21. Morphogenic Action • Synthesis of cellular compounds • Thyroid hormone • Catecholamines • Steroid hormones • Growth and development • GH (growth hormone) • Thyroid hormones • Steroid hormones

  22. Morphogenic Action • Sexual maturation and reproduction • Gonadotropins (LH and FSH) • Estrogen (female sex hormone) • Testosterone (male sex hormone) • HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

  23. Integrative Action No hormone works alone!

  24. Integrative Action

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