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Energy balance at the Earth’s surface

Energy balance at the Earth’s surface. Dependent on Solar insolation All incoming radiation that is intercepted by the Earth Changes throughout the year and throughout the day. Simplified surface radiation budget. +SW  -SW +LW –LW = NET R. Incoming solar radiation. Outgoing solar

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Energy balance at the Earth’s surface

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  1. Energy balance at the Earth’s surface • Dependent on • Solar insolation • All incoming radiation that is intercepted by the Earth • Changes throughout the year and throughout the day

  2. Simplified surface radiation budget +SW -SW +LW –LW = NET R Incoming solar radiation Outgoing solar radiation via reflection Incoming infrared radiation Outgoing infrared radiation Net radiation

  3. Atmospheric Energy Balance

  4. Total idealized insolation during 24 hours (daily radiation curve)

  5. A single day’s radiation budget 875 Insolation +SW 700 525 350 +LW 175 0 NET R -175 Surface albedo value -SW -350 –LW -525 midnight midnight noon

  6. Net radiation • Expended from the Earth’s surface three ways • Latent heat of evaporation (more common in moist areas) • Latent heat is absorbed when water evaporates • Latent heat is released when vapor liquefies • Sensible heat (more common in dry areas) • Transfer of energy via conduction, convection, and advection • Ground heating and cooling (greatest between the tropics)

  7. What happens to the energy? • Latent heat • The same energy it takes to melt 1g of ice could heat 1 g of water 80°C. • Sensible heat • Ground heat

  8. Sensible Heat flux Latent Heat flux

  9. Theoretical vs Actual Insolation

  10. Global Insolation

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