Introduction to the Periodic Table: Features, Properties, and Elements

1. Objectives • To learn the various features of the periodic table • To learn some of the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids • To learn the natures of the common elements

2. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The periodic table shows all of the known elements in order of increasing atomic number.

3. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The periodic table is organized to group elements with similar properties in vertical columns.

4. A. Introduction to the Periodic Table • Most elements are metals and occur on the left side. • The nonmetals appear on the right side. • Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties.

5. Metals Conduct heat and electricity Ductile Malleable Have luster Most are solids at room temp. Left side of periodic table Form positive ions Nonmetals Do not conduct heat or electricity Properties vary Solids, liquids, and gases Right side of periodic table Form negative ions A. Introduction to the Periodic Table

6. B. Natural States of the Elements • Most elements are very reactive. • So…they are usually found in nature as part of compounds. Exceptions: • Noble gases – Ne, He, Ar, Kr, Xe*, Rn

7. Natural States of the Elements Exceptions (elements found in nature by themselves) • Precious metals (noble metals) Gold (Au) Platinum (Pt) Silver (Ag)

8. B. Natural States of the Elements • Diatomic Molecules – When not part of another compound, some elements always occur as diatomic molecules: H2, N2, O2, F2, I2, Cl2, Br2 Nitrogen gas contains N2 molecules. Oxygen gas contains O2 molecules.

9. B. Natural States of the Elements • Diatomic Molecules

10. Natural State of the Elements

11. B. Natural States of the Elements • Elemental Solids – made entirely of one type of atom Carbon atoms Diamond Graphite Buckminsterfullerene

12. B. Natural States of the Elements Carbon nanotubes