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States of Matter

States of Matter. A Kinetic Experience. What is a solid?. Solids have a definite shape and definite volume. Molecules are tightly packed and vibrate. They stay fairly still. Crystalline Solids- Repeating pattern ex. Ghost crystals, crystals in rocks, salt, rock candy

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter A Kinetic Experience

  2. What is a solid? • Solids have a definite shape and definite volume. • Molecules are tightly packed and vibrate. They stay fairly still. Crystalline Solids- Repeating pattern ex. Ghost crystals, crystals in rocks, salt, rock candy Amorphous Solids- - Non-repeating pattern ex. Wax, play dough, hand putty, peanut butter, gum, clay

  3. Draw a Solid.

  4. What is a liquid? • Liquids have no definite shape, but a definite volume. • Molecules are closely packed but can vibrate and slide around one another. • A misconception that molecules do not touch in a liquid. Examples: Water in different sized containers. Water in syringe Water in baggie.

  5. Draw a liquid.

  6. Solid/LiquidCheck-Up • Describe particle motion in a solid. • Describe particle motion in a liquid. • What are two different types of solids? Give 1 example of each. • What is a common misconception about liquids?

  7. What is a Gas? • Gases have no definite shape and no definite volume. • Molecules can vibrate, slide, spin, and bounce off of one another. • Gases diffuse (The movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration) . • Heat will increase the rate of diffusion. Examples: Perfume, Lysol, “tooting your little horn”

  8. Draw a gas.

  9. What is plasma? • Plasma is ionized gas (an atom with a charge) • This is an extreme gas! Strikes the other atoms so forcefully it knocks off an electron! • These gases vibrate, slamming into one another causing bright gases, lots of heat and lots of energy. Examples: Our Sun, Plasma TV, plasma cutters, neon signs, and plasma balls

  10. Draw plasma.

  11. Gas/Plasma Check-Up • Describe particle motion in a gas. • Describe particle motion in plasma. • What is another name for plasma? • How is plasma formed?

  12. Balls in Box Demo • Small vibrations = Solid • More Energy Added in the form of heat energy, bouncing inside box = Liquid • Even More Energy Added in the form of heat energy, balls falling out of box = Gas (evaporation) Heavier molecules evaporate at a slower rate. • Putting the balls back into the box = Condensation

  13. Why metal balls inside some of the tennis balls? • Heavier molecules take more energy to evaporate. • Lighter molecules evaporate more readily.

  14. Kinetic Theory of Matter • All matter is made of molecules and atoms that act like tiny particles • Molecules are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move • At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles.

  15. Molecular Theory of Matter • Also known as the Kinetic theory of matter: • States that everything is made up of particles known as molecules, and that these particles are constantly moving. • If the motion is fixed around a point in space, its a solid, • if the molecules can freely move around and between each other, its a liquid, • and if the molecules can move independently from each other, its a gas.

  16. Phase Changes • Draw the diagram that is on the right hand side of the board. • You will need to have this memorized.

  17. Evaporation Matter changing from a liquid to a gas. Matter changes because energy is added to the system.

  18. Evaporation Demonstrations Alcohol Timing- Alcohol evaporated quicker than water because molecules are lighter. Butane in Baggie- Butane’s boiling point is so low that the heat from your body will make butane reach it’s boiling point. Super Heated Steam- Water molecules move so fast that are able to burn paper. Flaming Flask- Mystery substance is less dense than water and burns until all molecules are evaporated. Flaming Money – Alcohol is evaporated when heat energy is added. Money is dry.

  19. Review Questions • How does temperature effect state change? • Why does alcohol evaporate quicker than water? • When butane changes from a liquid to a gas is energy released or absorbed? • Why did the flaming money remain unharmed when it was caught on fire?

  20. Sublimation Matter changing from a solid directly to a gas. (skipping the liquid phase) Examples: Dry Ice (frozen Carbon Dioxide) Snow in parking lot that does not melt Mothballs in closet Old ice cubes in freezer

  21. Condensation • Matter changing from a gas to a liquid. Examples: Glass of ice water Bathroom mirror after shower Hot breath on bus window Dew on grass.

  22. Deposition • Matter changing from a gas directly to a solid. (Skipping the liquid phase) Examples: Frost on glass Demo – Mothballs on a hotplate making crystals.

  23. Thermal Expansion • Thermal expansion is the tendency of a matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature. Examples: Demo - Ball and Ring Demo- Bimetallic Strip (Brass and Iron) Sidewalk cracking Doorway Cracks in house foundation Demo – Drinking Bird Demo – Hand Boiler

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