The Respiratory System سیستم تنفسی

1. The Respiratory Systemسیستم تنفسی EDO 001.18 AFAMS 01/31/2012

2. The Respiratory Systemسیستم تنفسی Learning Objective: The Physical Therapy Technician will gain an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and its purpose within the body. Estimated Time to Complete: 400 minutes. مدت تقریبی برای تکمیل شدن این درس: 400 دقیقه AFAMS

3. Lesson Overviewنکات تدریسی • Function • Organization • Pulmonary ventilation. • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. • Regulation of respiration. • Disorders of the respiratory system.

4. Function of the Respiratory System(Insert Dari) • The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood. • Oxygen is essential for cell life. • Insert Dari

5. The Respiratory Systemسیستم تنفسی جوف بینی بلعوم بینی شزن حنجره ریه ها ریه ها

6. Nose Pharynx = throat Larynx = voice box Trachea = windpipe Bronchi = airways Lungs Respiratory System Anatomyاناتومی سیستم تنفسی • بینی • بلعوم = گلو • حنجره = بکس صوت • شزن = پیپ هوا • قصبه = طرق هوائی • ریه ها AFAMS

7. Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage lined with mucous membrane Openings called external nares or nostrils External Nasal Structuresساختمانهای خارجی انفی • جلد، عظام انفی، و غضروف بواسطۀ غشای مخاطی پوشانیده شده است • قسمت های که باز میشوند بنام سوراخهای انفی یاد میشوند Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari AFAMS AFAMS

8. Internal Nasal Structures(Insert Dari) There are several sinus cavities located within the nasal structure. Insert Dari

9. Functions of the Nasal Structuresوظایف ساختمانهای فمی • Air entryway • Sense of smell • Mucous lining • warms air due to high vascularity • mucous moistens air & traps dust • cilia move mucous towards pharynx • Insert Dari • اپیتل شامی برای احساس بو • Insert Dari • در اثر وعائی بودن زیاد، هوا را گرم مینماید • مخاط هوا را مرطوب ساخته و مانع نفوذ گردو خاک میشود • سیلیا ها (مویکها) مخاط را بطرف بلعوم حرکت میدهد AFAMS

10. Pharynxبلعوم • تیوب عضلی (که 5 انچ طول داشته) از قحف آویزان شده است • عضلۀ اسکلیتی و غشای مخاطی • از فوحات داخلی به غضروف کریکوئید امتداد میابد • وظایف • معبر برای غذا و هوا • یک محفظه برای تولید طنین آواز میباشد • Muscular tube (5 inch long) hanging from skull • skeletal muscle & mucous membrane • Extends from internal nares • Functions • passageway for food and air • resonating chamber for speech production بلعوم AFAMS

11. Commonly called the voice box and contains the vocal cords. Is responsible for sound production. Epiglottis protects the trachea from food aspiration. Larynxحنجره • Insert Dari ایپی گلوتس حنجره AFAMS

12. Tracheaشزن Connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. It is lined with mucous and cilia (hair like fibres) which trap foreign particles and move them up and out of the lungs. Insert Dari شزن Insert Dari AFAMS

13. Trachea and Bronchial Treeشزن و شجر قصبی Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles شزن Insert Dari قصبه ابتدایی Insert Dari قصبه ثانوی قصیبات قصبه ثالثی قصیبات نهایی Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari AFAMS

14. Alveoli(Insert Dari) Insert Dari • Air sacs from which oxygen (O2) moves into the blood stream (via capillaries) and is then transported through the body by red blood cells. • Carbon monoxide (CO2), which is a waste product, is also removed from the blood stream and exhaled through the lungs.

15. Breathing (Insert Dari) Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

16. Disorders of the Respiratory System(Insert Dari)

17. Asthma Insert Dari • Inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. • Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

18. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)(Insert Dari) Insert Dari • Often caused by smoking. • Damage occurs to the airways and they are often blocked by mucous. • The alveoli (air sacs) within the lungs also become damaged. • Patients often have a bothersome cough and are short of breath. Insert Dari Insert Dari

19. Respiratory Tract Infections(Insert Dari) • Locations of infections • upper respiratory tract is above vocal cords • lower respiratory tract is below vocal cords • موقعیت های انتانات • طرق هوائی علوی عبارت از قسمت بالاتر از حبول صوتی است • طرق هوائی سفلی عبارت از قسمت پائینتر از حبول صوتی است Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari Insert Dari

20. Types of Respiratory Infections(Insert Dari) • Pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs due to infection. • Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi due to infection. • Sinusitis – infection of the sinus cavities. • Common Cold – viral infection of the upper respiratory tract the primarily affects the nose. Symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny nose and sneezing. Insert Dari

21. Questions? (Insert Dari)

22. In-class Assignment(Insert Dari)

23. Identify the following structures: • (Insert Dari) 4. 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7.

24. 1. Answer: (Insert Dari) جوف بینی بلعوم بینی شزن حنجره ریه ها ریه ها

25. 2. What is the function of the respiratory system? (Insert Dari) • To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues. • To provide oxygen to the blood • To absorb nutrients • To metabolize nutrients Insert Dari

26. 2. Answer: What is the function of the respiratory system? (Insert Dari) • To transport nutrients and oxygen to body tissues. • To provide oxygen to the blood • To absorb nutrients • To metabolize nutrients Insert Dari

27. 3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body: (Insert Dari) Insert Dari • Bronchii • Nose • Larynx • Alveoli • Trachea • Pharynx

28. 3. Put the following structures in the order that air flows into the body: (Insert Dari) Insert Dari • 1 - B) Nose • 2 - F) Pharynx • 3 - C) Larynx • 4 - E) Trachea • 5 - A)Bronchii • 6 - D) Alveoli

29. 4. Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production? (Insert Dari) • Trachea • Mouth • Larynx • Pharynx Insert Dari

30. 4. Answer: Which of the following structures is responsible for voice production? (Insert Dari) • Trachea • Mouth • Larynx • Pharynx Insert Dari

31. 5. Match the following disorders with their description(Insert Dari) Insert Dari • Pneumonia • Asthma • COPD • Common Cold • Viral infection mostly affecting the nose • Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm. • Infection of the lung • Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath.

32. 5. Answer: Match the following disorders with their description(Insert Dari) • Pneumonia (3) Infection of the lung • Asthma (2) Recurring symptoms of inflammation involving airway obstruction and bronchospasm. • COPD (4) Characterized by a bothersome cough and shortness of breath • Common Cold (1) Viral infection mostly affecting the nose. Insert Dari