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Unit 9 L 5 B : Unionization

Unit 9 L 5 B : Unionization. WARM-UP ACTIVITY: In Class Only. Major Strikes: Great Strike of 1877 Homestead Strike of 1892 Pullman Strike of 1894. Learning Objectives: 1. Examine unionism, its goals, strategies, and the response of big business to the movement.

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Unit 9 L 5 B : Unionization

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  1. Unit 9 L 5 B : Unionization WARM-UP ACTIVITY: In Class Only.

  2. Major Strikes: • Great Strike of 1877 • Homestead Strike of 1892 • Pullman Strike of 1894 Learning Objectives: 1. Examine unionism, its goals, strategies, and the response of big business to the movement. 2. Identify the major trade unions and the major strikes of the late 1800s. • Key Terms: • Unions (738) • Strike (738) • “Bread and butter” unionism • Collective bargaining (738) • Effects: • Skilled and unskilled workers attempt to unite. • “Bread and butter” unionism was based on three key strategies and three key issues. • Big business formed a unified response to “bread and butter” unionism.

  3. “Bread and Butter” Unionism:Strategies and Goals

  4. Views of 19th Century Monopolists

  5. Media View of Unionism Directions: Use the cartoon to explain the media view of unionism until 1930s Unions portrayed as __________, ___________, and _____________ !

  6. Major Unions

  7. Knights of Labor • Terrence Powderly • “An injury to one is an injury to all.” • Open to all workers regardless of age, race, gender, or skill. • Advocated “equal pay, for equal work”

  8. American Federation of LaborAF of L • An association of trade unions of skilled workers. • Samuel Gompers 1. Shorter work day 2. Better working conditions 3. Higher wages Supported Chinese Exclusion Act. WHY?

  9. Eugene V. Debs Socialist labor leader “The strike is the weapon of the oppressed.” Economic and political system based on government control of business and the equal distribution of wealth. Went to prison in 1894 after refusing to follow an injunction.

  10. Major Strikes of late 1800s: U.S.

  11. Great Strike of 1877 • Knights of Labor railroad strike across the Northeastern United States. • Railroad owners appealed to President Rutherford B. Hayes who sent in federal troops. • Management used this set of tactics: • Pinkerton Agents • Injunctions (court order to end strike using Sherman Antitrust Act on the union) • Appeal to Governor (National Guard) • Appeal to President (interstate commerce interrupted and need for federal troops) Point Four is reference to the federal government’s job to protect “domestic tranquility.”

  12. Pullman Strike 1894 • The Pullman Palace Car Company laid off 3,000 workers and cut wages for the rest of their employees. • American Railway Union led by Eugene V. Debs asked for arbitration. • The Supreme Court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to the ARU when Debs refused to follow the court ordered INJUNCTION to end the strike. • The strike turned violent and President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to end the strike (interstate commerce). • Most strikers were fired and then blacklisted.

  13. Management Tactics • Scabs or strikebreakers (immigrants or blacks) • Company Towns • Blacklisting • Yellow dog Contracts • Security Forces (Pinkertons) • Used an ORGANIZED MEDIA CAMPAIGN (Yellow Journalists were monopolists, too)

  14. Since the 1800s people have debated whether industrialization was a blessing or a curse. Conditions in factories and mines were harsh. Child labor was an issue Pay was low. Workers lived in unsanitary, crowded slums. Workers later gained the vote. Wages rose in time. As the cost of products fell, standards of living rose. Union membership remained low until the Great Depression era.

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