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The Spread of Protestantism

The Spread of Protestantism. Zwinglian Reformation. Ulrich Zwingli : Priest in Zurich, Switzerland Presses for church reformation , council agrees Relics/Images abolished Painted walls –> Whitewashed Zwinglian Services consisted of… Scripture Readings Prayer Sermons. John Calvin.

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The Spread of Protestantism

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  1. The Spread of Protestantism

  2. Zwinglian Reformation • Ulrich Zwingli: Priest in Zurich, Switzerland • Presses for church reformation, council agrees • Relics/Images abolished • Painted walls –> Whitewashed • Zwinglian Services consisted of… • Scripture Readings • Prayer • Sermons

  3. John Calvin • Born in France (Catholic State) • Converted to Protestant, fled to Switzerland • 1538: Published Institutes of the Christian Religion. • Book of Protestant Thought • Became known as the Leader of Protestantism

  4. Protestants v. Catholics • War between Catholics and Protestants broke out in Switzerland • Zwingli is killed in battle • John Calvin / Protestants win war • Calvin becomes leader of protestants.

  5. Calvinist Beliefs • Salvation by faith alone • Placed emphasis on “All-powerful nature of God” • Led to idea of predestination • Belief that God already determined who was saved • Believed they were doing Gods work on Earth • Calvinists believed they needed to spread their religion.

  6. Calvin in Geneva • 1536: Calvin began reforming Geneva • Created Church Government • Created the Consistory • Court that enforced moral discipline • Strict policies: • Genevans punished for • Swearing • Drunkenness • Dancing • Playing cards • Geneva became powerful Protestant Center

  7. Calvinism Spreads • Geneva sent missionaries to spread Calvinism • Calvinism Spreads to… • France • The Netherlands • Scotland • Countries in Central and Eastern Europe • Mid 16th Century: Calvinism replaces Lutheranism as largest Protestant Religion.

  8. Reformation in England • King Henry VIII wants to divorce Catherine of Aragon: she did not provide him with a son. • Wants to marry Anne Boleyn • Pope would not annul the marriage. • Turns to England’s Church Courts • Archbishop of Canterbury annulled the marriage. • Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn • Had a daughter (became Queen Elizabeth I)

  9. England breaks from Rome • 1534: Henry VIII pushes for Parliament to break England’s Catholic Church (Anglican Church) from Rome. • Created The Act of Supremacy of 1534: • Declared King as “the only supreme head” on Earth and the Church of England • Gave King all power in England • 1547: Henry VIII dies, his 9 year old son Edward becomes King. • Parliament shifts toward Protestant Church

  10. Bloody Mary • Henry’s oldest daughter took thrown in 1553 • Mary wanted to restore England’s ties to Rome • Burned Protestants • “Bloody Mary” • By end of the reign… • England was more Protestant.

  11. Anabaptists • Believed in Adult Baptism • Consideredall believers to be equal • Belief based on the New Testament • Chose their own ministers • Believed very strictly in “Thou shall not kill” • Would not bear arms or hold political office.

  12. Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyola founded “Society of Jesus” (Jesuits) • Took Vow of absolute obedience to the pope. • Wanted to restore Catholicism to what it was. • Why? • Corruption from Renaissance Popes

  13. Pope Paul III • Appointed a Reform Commission • Blamed problems on corruption • Created Council of Trent (1545) • Cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, and theologians • Discussed problems, developed change in Church • Saidbothfaith and good works needed for salvation • Sale of indulgences was forbidden, but indulgences were still used.

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