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Objectives

Objectives. Describe characteristics common to animals Describe the characteristics of major animal phyla Identify on sight members of major animal phyla Define animal, chordate, vertebrate, invertebrate. Characteristics of animals. Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives • Describe characteristics common to animals • Describe the characteristics of major animal phyla • Identify on sight members of major animal phyla • Define animal, chordate, vertebrate, invertebrate

  2. Characteristics of animals • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Sexual reproduction with some hermaphrodites • No cell wall • Motile at some stage • Rapid response to environment • Nerve cells • Muscle cells • Both

  3. Taxonomy

  4. Taxonomy

  5. Classification • 27 Phyla – discuss major ones • Grouped as: • Invertebrates: NO backbone/vertebral column • Vertebrates: backbone/vertebral column • What is a backbone and what is a chordate? • Backbone: supportative bone structure • Chordate: has nerve chord • We will cover: • 6 phyla • 5 invertebrate phyla • 8 classes within the chordate phyla

  6. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  7. Classification: Invertebrate(no backbone) Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  8. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  9. Sponges Sponges (Porifera) • Sac-like body • Cellular level of organization • 2 cell layers • Filter feeder • Rudimentary nervous system • CAN regenerate (b)

  10. PORIFERA Includes all types of sponges. Essential life functions are performed at the level of cells Water flows through sponge serving as respiratory, excretory, and internal transport system at same time Budding serves as asexual reproduction.

  11. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  12. Cnidaria (Coelenterata) • Marine • Radial symmetry • Two cell layers with differentiation; one body opening • Alternating body forms (polyp & medusa) • Stinging cells

  13. Cnidaria Examples

  14. CNIDARIANS Includes jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras and coral. Soft-bodied animals with stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouth. Life cycles contain sessile flowerlike polyp and the motile bell-shaped medusa Lack centralized nervous system and general brain.

  15. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  16. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) • 3 cell layers • Acoelomate • Many parasitic and/or pathogenic • One way digestive system

  17. PLATYHELMINTHES Includes flatworms, flukes, and planarians. Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry. Perform life functions at the level of organ systems. Aquatic and free living parasites. Lack usual circulatory and respiratory systems.

  18. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  19. Roundworms (Nematoda) • Moist environments • Most free-living; many parasitic • Pseudocoelomate • Tube-like digestive system • Well-developed senses in free-living

  20. NEMATODA Includes all roundworms. Simplest animals to have a digestive system with two openings-mouth and anus. Most numerous of all multicellular animals. Free living-found in virtually all parts of the Earth. Have simple nervous systems and reproduce sexually.

  21. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  22. Annelids • Segmented • Coelomate • Hydrostatic skeleton • Brain + solid nerve cord • Three main types • Marine Worms • 1 Clam worms (predators) • 2 Fan worms (prey) • Earthworms • Leeches

  23. Annelids

  24. POLYCHAETES Includes sandworms and bloodworms. Characterized by paired paddlelike appendages on body segments. Appendages are tipped with bristles that give this class its name. Live in cracks in coral reefs, sand, mud, piles of rocks, and open water.

  25. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  26. Molluscs (Mollusca) • Soft bodied with protective shells • Aquatic/Marine • Often mucus feeders • Body parts • Visceral mass • Foot • Mantle (secretes shell)

  27. MOLLUSKS Includes clams, mussels, squids, octopi, slugs, and snails. Soft-bodied animals with external or internal shell. Body consists of: foot, mantle, shell,+ visceral mass. Utilizes both open and closed circulatory systems. Use nephridia to remove ammonia from blood.

  28. Mollusks

  29. GASTROPODS Class including slugs and snails. Move by means of large foot on ventral side. Most have one-piece shell for protection. Defenses from predators include: bad-taste, poison, stinging, nocturnality, and quickness. Bright colors are warnings of danger.

  30. CEPHALOPODS Class includes squids and octopi, cuttlefish, and nautiluses. Eight flexible tentacles are equipped suction cups for grabbing fish. Lack protective shell but have developed form of jet propulsion for defense. Able to squirt dark, foul-tasting ink into water and octopi can change colors to those of its surroundings.

  31. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  32. Arthropods • 3 types: • 1 Crustaceans • 2 Insects • 3 Arachnids • Major characteristics: • 1 Exoskeleton (chitin) • Protection • Attachment for muscles • Movement • Prevent drying out • 2 Segmented bodies Head, thorax, abdomen, w/ jointed appendages • 3 Well developed brains and nervous systems

  33. Arthropods: Crustaceans

  34. Arthropods: Insects

  35. Arthropods: Arachnids

  36. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  37. Echinoderms • Marine animals • Internal skeleton • Spiny skin • Radially symmetrical

  38. Echinoderms

  39. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Eukarya Animalia Sponges Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

  40. Phylum Chordata

  41. Chordates have during some time in their development: • 1 notochord • 2 hollow nerve cord in the back • 3 pharyngeal pouches (embryonic structures) • 4 tail

  42. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Eukarya Animalia Sponges Segmented worms Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates Lancets Tunicates Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

  43. Lancets (invertebrate)

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