1 / 14

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Sensory and Short-Term Memory. PSY 421 – Fall 2004. Overview. Sensory Memory (Chapter 3, pp. 102-110) Short-Term Memory (Chapter 4, pp. 134-157) How this fits together with what we have learned and what we will learn. Sensory Memory.

geraldedwards
Télécharger la présentation

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Sensory and Short-Term Memory PSY 421 – Fall 2004

  2. Overview • Sensory Memory (Chapter 3, pp. 102-110) • Short-Term Memory (Chapter 4, pp. 134-157) • How this fits together with what we have learned and what we will learn

  3. Sensory Memory • Part of the Information-Processing Model of Memory (Atkinson-Shiffrin, 1968) • Visual Sensory Memory (aka: iconic memory) • Partial vs. Whole Report • Visual Masking • Duration Estimation Information/ Stimuli Sensory Stores (one per modality) Short-Term Store Rehearsal Long-Term Store Attention Retrieval

  4. Visual Sensory/Iconic Memory • Precategorical Nature • Iconic Memory – who cares! • Useful if you are reading during a lightening storm • Important for preventing overloading of cognitive system

  5. Auditory Sensory Memory • Echoic Memory • Everyday problem – if we didn’t have echoic memory, would be able to remember the beginning of a sentence said aloud by the time we reached the end? • Partial vs. Whole Report • Modality and Suffix Effects

  6. Partial vs. Whole Report • George Sperling (1960) – how much information could be taken in during a glance of a very briefly presented stimulus? • T-scope presentation for no-fade “screen” refresh • Present matrix for 50 msec • Tone – subjects were to report everything in the matrix (whole report) – 3 to 4 letters typically reported • Partial Report = High tone – subjects were to report top row - 3 of the 4 letters typically reported; mid and low tones too • Duration between presentation and tone was important – more than a quarter of a second, only 50% could be reported A C K L W T P Z Q R D M

  7. Precategorical Acoustic Store • Evidence for • Evidence against

  8. Short-Term Memory (STM) • Also known as Working Memory, primary memory • Set of processes that we use to hold and rehearse information that occupies our current awareness • Is this really different from Long-Term Memory? • Characteristics of STM • Limited Duration • Limited Capacity • Information is coded with auditory characteristics

  9. Forgetting in STM • Decay – loss of information due to the passage of time • Interference – loss of information due to negative influence from the presentation of other information

  10. Working Memory • More elaborate conception of STM • Baddeley and colleagues – primary researchers • Working Memory (WM) is a set of closely interacting subsystems that combine to subserve a hot of higher-level mental processes • Subsystems • Articulatory Loop • Visual-Spatial Sketch Pad • Central Executive – THE system

  11. Articulatory Loop • Phonological Store = holds information temporarily • Subvocal Rehearsal = just what is appears to be • Articulatory Suppression

  12. Visual-Spatial Sketchpad • Responsible for storage and manipulation of visual and spatial information • Seems to work independently from articulatory loop

  13. Central Executive • Articulatory Loop and Visual-Spatial Sketchpad feed into this system • Like the “capacity allocator” of the attentional system • Involved in higher order processing like problem solving and language comprehension

  14. Putting it all together Sensations Perceptual processes Attention Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Working Memory Central Executive Articulatory Loop Visual-Spatial Sketchpad

More Related