SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES HAP 2013

2. Statistics • April is STD/SID Awareness Month. • 20 million - newly diagnosed STD’s each year. • $16 billion – cost of treating STD’s • ½ of all new sexually transmitted infections are among people aged 15-24.

3. VIRAL STD/SID’s • Herpes • AIDS • Genital Warts

4. HERPES

5. HERPES Simplex I and II • Simplex I • Cold sores and fever blisters • Simplex II • Genital herpes

6. Symptoms Painful, fluid filled blisters - can be found… • in the mouth • on the lips • on the thighs or abdomen • in the genital area

7. How is HERPES spread? • Skin to skin contact • Oral Sex • Sexual Intercourse

8. How is HERPES treated? • Oral medication: antiviral meds like Acyclovir, Valtrex. How is HERPES cured? • It isn’t!

9. Affects unborn children Baby born to mother during an active genital herpes infection.

10. Statistics 2012 • CDC estimates that 776,000 people in the US get a new herpes infection each year. • Nationwide, 16.2%, or 1 in 6 people aged 14-49 have genital herpes infection. • 1 in 5 women 14-49 yoa • 1 in 9 men 14-49 yoa

11. HIV/AIDS HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

12. HIV causes AIDS • Infection occurs when the virus enters the bloodstream and begins to destroy a specific white blood cell called a T-lymphocyte. • Patients test positive for HIV about 6 months after initial infection. • Systemic breakdown may take as long as 10+ years. • AIDS occurs when the number of viruses in drastically higher than the number of T-cells.

14. Symptoms of HIV None; people that are HIV positive may not present with symptoms for up to 10 years. Skin Rashes, swollen glands, fever, diarrhea, weakness, mouth and respiratory infections Symptoms of AIDS

15. How is AIDS spread? • Sexual contact • IV drug use • Blood to blood contact • Pregnant mother to child MUST ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM

16. How is HIV/AIDS Treated? • EARLY DIAGNOSIS = GET TESTED! • Initial weight gain to prevent “wasting.” • Drug cocktails to prevent viral replication and entry of virus into uninfected cells.

17. US Statistics • At the end of 2009, an estimated 1,148,200 persons aged 13 and older in the United States were living with HIV/AIDS. • Approximately 50,000 new infections of HIV occur each year. • Approx . 10,000 of these were in young people aged 13 – 24.

18. WORLD Statistics • The last 10 years saw a 15% reduction in new infections and a 22% decline is death due to AIDS. • There are 1,000 new infections in children EVERY DAY. • Only 23% of children with HIV/AIDS are receiving treatment. • 2.1 million children are HIV-positive. • 33.4 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS • 25 million people have dies since the first cases were reported in 1981.

19. HPV Human Papilloma Virus Genital Warts

21. HPV Facts • The MOST common SID. • So common that nearly all sexually active men and women will get it at some point in their lives. • Over 40 forms of this virus are known to infect the genitals.

22. HPV Symptoms • Usually appears as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. • Bumps may be raised or flat. • Warts can appear weeks or months after infection.

23. Complications • Causes cell changes that lead to cervical cancer. • HPV is the leading cause of death from cervical cancer in the U.S.

24. How is HPV treated? • Removal of growths or abnormal cervical tissue by surgery or freezing. • For external growths, prescription medication can be applied. • Gardasil shot for prevention of only 3 types of HPV types that are leading causes of cervical cancer.

25. Statistics 2012 • Approx. 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. • Approx. 14 million new infections occur each year.

26. BACTERIAL STD/SID’s • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis

27. CHLAMYDIA Caused by: BACTERIA Chlamydia trachomatis

28. Chlamydia Symptoms WOMEN • 80% have no symptoms = “silent infection” • discharge • bleeding or pain with intercourse • Irregular periods MEN • painful urination • white discharge from penis • pain in testicles • may become infertile if not treated

29. Complications • If not treated, chlamydia can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • PID is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes and uterus. • PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy and/or infertility.

30. How is Chlamydia Spread? • sexual contact • bodily fluids • How is Chlamydia treated? • Antibiotics

31. Statistics 2012 • The most common bacterial STD. • 1,412,791 infections were reported to CDC. • Estimated 2.86 million infections occur each year. • Some infections are not reported because the infected does not have symptoms or does not seek treatment. • Estimated that 1 in 15 sexually active females aged 14-19 has chlamydia.

32. Gonorrhea Caused by: BACTERIA Neiserria gonorrhea

33. Gonorrhea Symptoms • Thick yellow discharge • Burning with urination • Rash if systemic Complications • Blindness in babies at birth • Antibiotics are given in the eyes of every newborn.

34. How is gonorrhea spread? • sexual contact • bodily fluids • How is gonorrhea treated? • Antibiotics • CDC is reporting drug resistant strains making treatment more difficult.

35. Statistics 2012 • 321,849 reported cases in the US. • 820,000 estimated cases. • CDC estimated that 570, 000 of them were in young people aged 15-24

36. SYPHILIS Caused by: BACTERIA Treponemapallidum

38. Syphilis symptoms Progresses in stages: • STAGE I = PRIMARY: Painless red sores (chancres) appear. • STAGE II = SECONDARY: Non-itching rash • STAGE III = TERTIARY/LATENT: damages internal organs including brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver. Can lead to death.

39. How do you get Syphilis? • sexual contact • skin-to-skin contact • How is Syphilis treated? • Antibiotics ** can only be cured if found in early stages!

40. Statistics 2012 • 46,042 newly reported cases of syphilis in the US. • Estimates there are 55,400 new infections. • 13,970 were primary and secondary. • 360 reports of congenital syphilis.