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1914-1918: The World at War

1914-1918: The World at War. Different Names. “The War to End All Wars” “The Great War” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’” “World War I” (given this only after World War II). The M.A.I.N. Long-Term Causes of the War. 1. M ilitarism & Arms Race.

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1914-1918: The World at War

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  1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

  2. Different Names • “The War to End All Wars” • “The Great War” • “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’” • “World War I” (given this only after World War II)

  3. The M.A.I.N. Long-Term Causesof the War

  4. 1. Militarism & Arms Race • Militarism-- the glorification of armed strength and the build up of military force • Naval Arms Race between Germany & Britain

  5. 1. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  6. 2. Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  7. Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance Alliance: Agreement between nations to aid and protect one another Triple Entente: France, Britain, and Russia Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

  8. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  9. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  10. Europe in 1914

  11. 3. Imperial Rivalries

  12. 4. Nationalism Pride in or devotion to one’s nation

  13. French Nationalism • France wanted revenge for its humiliating defeat in Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 • Also wanted to regain Alsace-Lorraine, which it had lost in that war.

  14. Nationalism in Austria-Hungary All the ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary wanted their own independent nations

  15. Pan-Slavism: Slavic Nationalism • A movement among Slavic peoples that promoted the unity of all Slavic peoples

  16. The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

  17. The“Spark”

  18. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

  19. The Assassination: Sarajevo

  20. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

  21. Who’s To Blame?

  22. A Chain Reaction Leads to War

  23. 1. Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia, July 28, 1914

  24. 2. Germany supports Austria-Hungary

  25. 3. Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia

  26. 4. Germany gives Russia 12 hours to demobilize & demands that France stay neutral if Russia & Germany don’t go to war (they refuse)

  27. 5. Germany declares war on Russia, August 1, 1914

  28. 6. Germany declares war on France, August 3, 1914 (because Germany knew they’d side with Russia and Germany’s Schlieffen Plan required that Germany fight France first)

  29. 7. Germans cross neutral Belgium to attack France, August 4, 1914

  30. 8. Britain declares war on Germany, August 4, 1914

  31. 9. Japan enters war on the side of Great Britain & France, August 23, 1914

  32. 10. Ottoman Empire enters war on side of Austria-Hungary, October 28, 1914

  33. 11. Italy, who did not honor its treaty with Germany & Austria-Hungary, joins the Allies,May 1915

  34. 12. Bulgaria joins the Central Powers, October 1915

  35. 13. Greece & Romania join the Allies,1916

  36. The Schlieffen Plan

  37. German Atrocities in Belgium

  38. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

  39. Recruitment Posters

  40. A Young Australian Recruit

  41. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

  42. New French Recruits

  43. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

  44. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

  45. A Multi-Front War

  46. The Western Front

  47. Trench Warfare

  48. Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

  49. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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