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The Cell Cycle Process

Learn about the phases of the cell cycle, DNA replication, chromosome structure, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Discover how cells grow, prepare for division, and form daughter cells.

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The Cell Cycle Process

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  1. The Cell Cycle p. 244 - 249 Q: What do you think would happen if a cell were simply to split into two, without any advance preparation?

  2. The Cell Cycle • During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again (cell growth). • Two main phases of the cell cycle: • Interphase – cell growth & preparation for cell division • Cell division – the nucleus & cytoplasm divide to form two daughter cells

  3. G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase The Cell Cycle

  4. Interphase • Cells spend most of their lives in interphase. • Three phases of interphase: • G1 • S • G2

  5. Chromosomes • Consist of: • DNA – the cell’s coded genetic information • Proteins • They are usually found loosely spread out within the nucleus – chromatin • During mitosis, the chromatin condenses (coils up) into more visible chromosomes • WHY? • The cells of every organism have a specific number of chromosomes (humans have 46)

  6. DNA Replication • Replication = making an exact copy • Occurs during S phase of interphase (before the cell divides) • Each copy is called a chromatid • Together they are called sister chromatids • The sister chromatids are attached to each other at the centromere • They are still considered one chromosome!

  7. Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones Chromatin vs.Visible Chromosomes

  8. G1 phase M phase S phase G2 phase The Cell Cycle

  9. Cell Division • Two main phases of cell division: • Mitosis – the division of the nucleus • Cytokinesis – the division of the cytoplasm & organelles • How does cytokinesis have to be different between plant & animal cells? • In plants, a cell plate forms to make the cell wall

  10. Mitosis & Cytokinesis • Four phases of mitosis: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  11. Review • Give two reasons why cells divide. • What are the 2 main parts of the cell cycle? • Name the two components of a chromosome. • What is the difference between chromatin and visible chromosomes? • How many chromosomes do humans have? • When does DNA replication occur? • Sister chromatids are attached to each other at the ________. • What is mitosis? • Name the 4 stages of mitosis (in order!). • What is cytokinesis?

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