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The Cell Cycle

Explore the intricacies of cell division, from replication to cytokinesis, to understand how identical daughter cells are formed. Learn about important terms like chromosomes, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Follow the phases of mitosis and the role of each in creating new cells.

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The Cell Cycle

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Cell Cycle

  2. When do cells divide? • Reproduction • Replacement of damaged cells • Growth of new cells • In replacement and growth cell divisions how should daughter cells compare to parent cell? • The daughter cells should be identical copies of the parent cell.

  3. How can identical daughter cells form? • The chromosomes must be copied and then divided such that each daughter cell gets one of the copies.

  4. Important terms in eukaryotic cell division • Chromosome =

  5. Important terms in eukaryotic cell division • Chromosome = threadlike structures that are composed of DNA + protein • replication =

  6. Important terms in eukaryotic cell division • Chromosome = threadlike structures that are composed of DNA + protein • mitosis =

  7. Important terms in eukaryotic cell division • Chromosome = threadlike structures that are composed of DNA + protein • mitosis = division of the nucleus • cytokinesis =

  8. Important terms in eukaryotic cell division • Chromosome = threadlike structures that are composed of DNA + protein • mitosis = division of the nucleus • cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm

  9. Chromatid =

  10. Chromatid = after copying the chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids joined at the centromere. • Centromere =

  11. Chromatid = after replication the chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids joined at the centromere. • Centromere = special region of the chromosome, where chromatids are joined.

  12. The Cell Cycle

  13. Interphase • 90% of cell cycle is spent in this phase • Chromosome copying (replication) occurs here

  14. Interphase in animal cells: • Nuclear envelope is visible • nucleoli are present • Centrioles are near nucleus • asters form around each pair of centrioles • chromosomes are loosely packed (chromatin), not visible w/microscope

  15. General Overview of Mitosis

  16. Prophase: • In the Nucleus: • Nucleoli disappear • chromosomes condense –become visible • each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids joined at the centromere

  17. In the Cytoplasm: • spindle begins to form – these will be tracks for chromosome movement • Nuclear envelope breaks apart

  18. Metaphase • Chromosomes move to the middle of cell and line up • Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

  19. Anaphase • Centromeres divide sister chromatids are separated • the cell is stretched into an oval shape

  20. Telophase • new nuclear envelopes are formed around the chromosomes at each end of the cell • nucleoli reappear • chromosomes uncoil into chromatin fiber • last phase of mitosis

  21. Cytokinesis • Begins before telophase has completed

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