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States of Matter

States of Matter . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-KvoVzukHo. Kinetic Theory of Gases. small spheres with insignificant volume lots of empty space between particles far apart no forces between particles, motion is rapid, random, and independent of each another

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-KvoVzukHo

  3. Kinetic Theory of Gases • small spheres with insignificant volume • lots of empty space between particles far apart • no forces between particles, motion is rapid, random, and independent of each another • all collisions are perfectly elastic • take on shape and volume of the container they are in

  4. Gas Pressure • result of simultaneous collisions of billions of rapidly moving particles trapped within an object • an empty space with no particles and hence no pressure, is a vacuum

  5. Atmospheric Pressure • from gravity and the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects • a barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure 1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kilopascals (kPa) • STP is a temperature of 0°C and pressure of 101.3 kPa

  6. How does a barometer work?

  7. Kinetic Theory of Liquids • intermolecular attractions keep the particles closer to one another • particles have a definite volume • exist in a “condensed” state of matter since they cannot be compressed any more • more dense that gasses • flow past one another

  8. Kinetic Theory of Solids • orderly arrangement of particles • have a definite shape and volume • particles still vibrating around a fixed point • most are crystalline

  9. ionic bonded crystals have higher melting points that covalently bonded crystals • crystals are defined into seven groups • the smallest group of atoms that retain the geometric shape of the crystal is a unit cell

  10. Allotropes • two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state • different properties due to different structures

  11. Amorphous Solids • lack an ordered internal, crystalline structure • examples: rubber, plastic, asphalt, glass

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