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CHAPTER 6

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  1. CHAPTER 6 A TOUR OF THE CELL

  2. LEARNING ABOUT THE CELL • YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING AND LEARNING THE MATERIAL IN THIS CHAPTER ON YOUR OWN. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THIS CHAPTER ALONG WITH CHAPTER 7, AND WILL DO A LAB. • THE FOLLOWING SLIDES WILL HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANT MATERIAL THAT YOU MUST BE SURE TO LEARN AND UNDERSTAND

  3. MICROSCOPES • ROBERT HOOKE-1665 • MAGNIFICATION AND RESOLVING POWER • THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES AND WHEN THEY ARE USED

  4. ORGANELLES TO KNOW FOR QUIZ • MITOCHONDRION CENTRIOLES • LYSOSOMES CHROMOSOMES • GOLGI BODY NUCLEUS • RIBOSOMES CHLOROPLASTS • CYTOPLASM CELL WALL • CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE MICROVILLI • VACUOLE • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  5. STUDYING CELL ORGANELLES • CELL FRACTIONATION- • WHAT IS IT AND HOW IS IT USED? • WHAT IS THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN CELL FRACTIONATION?

  6. A PANORAMIC V IEW OF THE CELL • PROKARYOTIC V. EUKARYOTIC CELLS • KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES • PROKARYOTES ARE FOUND ONLY IN BACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA • EVERYTHING ELSE IS EUKARYOTIC

  7. PROKARYOTIC CELL

  8. CELL SIZE • HOW DOES CELL SIZE EFFECT FUNCTION? • KNOW ABOUT SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO • WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

  9. THE NUCLEUS • WHAT IS INSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS? • WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE? • TERMS: • CHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES, NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS

  10. THE NUCLEUS AND ITS ENVELOPE

  11. RIBOSOMES • WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION? • FREE RIBOSOMES V. BOUND RIBOSOMES

  12. THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM • WHAT IS IT AND HOW DOES IT WORK? • WHAT STRUCTURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? • WHAT ARE VESICLES?

  13. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E.R.) • FUNCTIONS? • SMOOTH E.R. V. ROUGH E.R. • YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BOTH TYPES -STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  14. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  15. GOLGI APPARATUS • KNOW THE FUNCTION • CIS FACE V. TRANS FACE • HOW DO THEY DIFFER IN BOTH STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION????

  16. GOLGI APPARATUS

  17. LYSOSOMES • FUNCTION? • OPTIMAL pH? • FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANES? • INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION • PHAGOCYTOSIS

  18. LYSOSOME

  19. VACOULES • FUNCTION • TYPES: FOOD VACUOLE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE CENTRAL VACUOLE

  20. PLANT CELL VACUOLE

  21. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES • COMPONENTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ARE RELATED THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT OR THROUGH VESICLES

  22. ENDOMEMBRANE RELATIONSHIPS SMOOTH E.R. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ROUGH E.R. VESICLES GOLGI APPARATUS LYSOSOMES & VACUOLES PLASMA MEMBRANE VESICLES

  23. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES

  24. PEROXISOMES • FUNCTIONS? • HOW DO THEY PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE? • SPECIALIZED PEROXISOMES • GLYOXYSOMES

  25. MITOCHONDRIA • FUNCTIONS? • STRUCTURE • INTERMEMBRANE SPACE • MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

  26. MITOCHONDRIA

  27. CHLOROPLASTS • KNOW ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING • PLASTIDS • AMYLOPLASTS • CHROMOPLASTS • CHLOROPLASTS • STRUCTURE • INTERMEMBRANE SPACE • THYLAKOID SPACE • STROMA

  28. CHLOROPLAST

  29. CYTOSKELETON • HOW DOES THE CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZE THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL? • MICROTUBULES • TUBULIN STRUCTURE • FUNCTIONS

  30. CYTOSKELETON

  31. CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES • FUNCTION • STRUCTURE

  32. CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES

  33. CILIA AND FLAGELLA • FUNCTION • STRUCTURE • HOW ARE THEY SIMILAR AND HOW ARE DIFFERENT??? • MICROTUBULAR CORE:9 +2 PATTERN • BASAL BODY • DYNEIN

  34. STRUCTURE OF FLAGELLA OR CILIA

  35. BEATING OF FLAGELLA V. CILIA

  36. MICROFILAMENTS • STRUCTURE • FUNCTION • HOW DO THEY WORK IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION? • INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

  37. MICROFILAMENTS AND MOTILITY

  38. CELL SURFACES AND JUNCTIONS • CELL WALLS • SECONDARY CELL WALLS • EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) • INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS • PLASMODESMATA • TIGHT JUNCTIONS • DESMOSOMES • GAP JUNCTIONS

  39. PLANT CELL WALLS

  40. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

  41. INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS

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